RCA Head and Neck Lecture 4 Muscle and Bone

Question 1

whats the extent of the larnyx

Answer 1

C3-C6
hyoid to cricoid

Question 2

what are the key cartilages of the larynx

Answer 2

cricoid, thyroid, 2 arytenoids, epiglottis

Question 3

where does the upper boarder of the quadrangular membrane run between and what does it form

Answer 3

it runs from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages
This upper part is the aryepiglottic fold forming the laryngeal opening

Question 4

what does the inferior border of the quadrangular membrane form

Answer 4

inferior border forms the vestibular ligament, which once covered by mucous membranes forms the vestibular folds

Question 5

whats the gap between the vocal cord called

Answer 5

the rima glottidis

Question 6

where does the upper edge of the cricothyroid membrane run and whats it form

Answer 6

runs between the cricoid and the thyroid cartilages, and to the arytenoids
the upper edge forms the vocal fold by going from the thyroid to arytenoids

Question 7

what forms the vocal folds

Answer 7

the cricothyroid membrane running from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage , with mucous membrane covering

Question 8

what is the laryngeal inlet

Answer 8

the space between the aryepiglottic folds

Question 9

what is the vestibule

Answer 9

space from the inlet to the vestibular folds

Question 10

what is the ventricle

Answer 10

space between the vestibular and vocal folds

Question 11

what is the saccule

Answer 11

a pouch of mucous membrane between vestibular folds and laryngeal lamina

Question 12

what is the rima glottis

Answer 12

space between the vocal folds

Question 13

whats the piriform recess

Answer 13

space between the quadrangular membrane and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

Question 14

what nerves innervate the internal laryngeal muscles

Answer 14

all are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, except for the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

Question 16

whats the innervation and function of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 16

stretches and tenses the vocal cords
innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

Question 17

whats the innervation and function of the thyro-arytenoid muscle

Answer 17

recurrent laryngeal nerve and it relaxes the vocal folds

Question 18

whats the innervation and function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles

Answer 18

recurrent laryngeal nerve is its innervation and it adducts the vocal folds

Question 19

whats the innervation and function of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

Answer 19

these draw the arytenoid cartilages together and aid in vocal cord adduction
innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 20

describe the relations of the transverse arytenoid muscles, the oblique arytenoid muscles and the aryepiglottic muscle

Answer 20

oblique is the more superficial of the arytenoid muscles, and the oblique arytenoids are continuous with the aryepiglottic muscles

Question 21

whats the function and innervation of the aryepiglottic muscles

Answer 21

the aryepiglottic muscle along with the arytenoid muscles and epiglottis itself act as a sphincter narrowing the laryngeal inlet, preventing swallowed material from entering inside.

Question 22

whats the function and innervation of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

Answer 22

they abduct the vocal cords, and innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 23

whats the function of the mylohyoid

Answer 23

elevates the hyoid, floor of the mouth and tongue.
if the hyoid is fixed it will depress the mandible

Question 24

function of the geniohyoid

Answer 24

elevate the hyoid, depress the mandible