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Module 8 theory > renal > Flashcards

renal Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT a function of the Kidneys?

A

The kidneys return ammonia and urea to the blood stream

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2
Q

The kidneys are located in the ____________ space.

A

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the location of the kidneys is CORRECT?

A

The right kidney is lower due to the size of the liver

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4
Q

The entrance into the kidney is called the:

A

Renal hilum

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5
Q

The renal pyramids are located within the:

A

Renal Medulla

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6
Q

A renal lobe consists of the following:

A

Renal Cortex

Renal Medulla

Nephrons

All of the above**

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7
Q

There are three distinct layers of tissue that surround each kidney. Which of the following layers is considered to be the most superficial?

A

Renal Fascia

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8
Q

There are three distinct layers of tissue that surround each kidney. Which of the following statements correlates to the renal fascia?

A

Anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and the abdominal wall

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9
Q

Which of the following pathways lists the CORRECT sequence of urine formation in the kidney?

A

Pyramidal nephron  minor calyx  major calyx  renal pelvis  ureter  bladder  urethra

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10
Q

The renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and the______________:

A

Glomerular/Bowman’s capsule

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11
Q

Which section of the nephron comes directly after the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

Which of the following should NOT be found in the glomerular filtrate of healthy individuals?

A

Plasma protein

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13
Q

Which of the following cells forms pedicles that encircle the glomerular capillaries?

A

Podocytes

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14
Q

The ¬___________________ is prominent in the final part of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which makes contact with the afferent arteriole.

A

Macula densa

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15
Q

Which of the following cells have receptors for the Antidurietic Hormone that facilitates water reabsorption?

A

Principal cells

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16
Q

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the function of podocytes?

A

Upon contraction, they close filtration slits thus reducing the GFR

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17
Q

Which of the following structures receives urine from the major calyx of the kidney?

A

The renal pelvis

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18
Q

Which of the following structures receives urine from the Renal Pyramid of the kidney?

A

ureter

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19
Q

Which of the following anatomical surfaces do the kidneys rest against?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

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20
Q

Which anatomical structure is considered to be the functional unit of a kidney?

A

Nephron

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21
Q

Which of the following regions contains the majority of the kidneys glomeruli?

A

Cortex

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22
Q

Tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the _________________.

A

Peritubular capillaries

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23
Q

Which section of the renal tubules does the Parathyroid hormone affect?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

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24
Q

The kidneys are abundantly supplied with blood vessels, which all come from the right and left renal arteries. Which of the following blood vessels enters the renal corpuscle first?

A

Afferent arterioles

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25
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism occurs at which of the following structures?
Loop of Henle
26
Which of the following renal functions is CORRECT with respect to the Parathyroid hormone?
Increases reabsorption of Ca2+
27
Which of the following organs can release Atrial Naturiuretic Peptide (ANP) when normal blood volume and pressure becomes too great?
The heart
28
Which of the following epithelial cell types is found in the inner most lining of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
29
Which structure is final structure in the sequence of urine flow?
Urethra
30
Glomerular Filtration depends on three main pressures. One pressure promotes filtration and two pressures oppose filtration. Which of the following statements is the CORRECT definition of the Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP)?
The pressure within the glomerular capillaries promotes filtration
31
Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure given the following values: Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure:55 mmHg: Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure:15 mmHg Blood Osmotic Pressure:30 mmHg:
10 mmHg
32
Autoregulation occurs within the kidneys themselves in order to help maintain constant renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Which of the following types of regulation is responsible for decreasing glomerular filtration rates?
Tubularglomerular feedback & Myogenic mechanism
33
Which of the following mechanisms occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle cells in the walls of afferent arterioles?
Myogenic mechanism
34
Which of the following structures is a small tube leading from the internal urethral sphincter to the exterior of the body?
Urethra
35
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY identifies a function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in the kidney?
The PCT reabsorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acid and vitamins
36
Which of the following is the first step in urine formation?
The PCT reabsorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acid and vitamins
37
Which of the following is the first step in urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
38
Which of the following terms corresponds to the return of filtered plasma to the blood?
Tubular reabsorption
39
Which of the following processes is NOT a function of the nephron?
Glomerular reabsorption
40
Which of the following functions of the nephron and collecting tubules is responsible for eliminating wastes from the body and controlling blood pH?
Tubular secretion
41
Which of the following statements identifies the CORRECT percentage of glomerular filtrate returned to the blood stream in the course of a day?
99% of the 150 -180 liters of fluid filtered in a day
42
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in the role of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Decrease reabsorption of water in the blood vessels
43
Which of the following correctly identifies the pH range for blood?
7.35-7.45
44
________________ forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the selectively permeable walls of the glomerular capillaries.
Blood pressure
45
A 3-year-old child has been rewarded with a hug because she is now completely toilet trained. Which muscle is the one that she has learned to control?
External sphincter muscle
46
An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids increases hydrogen ion concentration as well; therefore, the __________ in pH can make body fluids more __________.
Decrease; acidic
47
Which of the following hormones enhances the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the nephron?
Angiotensin II & Aldosterone
48
Which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal cortex?
Aldosterone
49
Under the influence of ADH, the kidneys can produce highly concentrated urine. Which of the following DOES NOT contribute to the production of concentrated urine by the kidneys?
Countercurrent flow through the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle Urea recycling that causes build-up of urea in the renal medulla Build-up of Na+ and Cl- in the renal medulla through the thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle Correct Answer: None of the above
50
When dilute urine is being formed, the osmolarity of the fluid __________ as it goes down the descending loop of Henle, __________ as it goes up the ascending limb, and __________ as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct.
Increases; decreases; decreases
51
Once in the nephron, glucose can only be reabsorbed into the blood through the ______________.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
52
An elevation of plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) and an increase in blood pH produces:
Metabolic alkalosis
53
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with respect to Renal Cystic Disease?
Dilation of tubular structures is present with cyst formation Cysts may be single or multiple with varying sizes Although they may arise as developmental abnormalities, most forms are hereditary Correct Answer None of the above
54
Which of the following pathologies corresponds to an increase in PCO2 and a decrease in plasma pH?
Respiratory acidosis
55
Which of the following is the scientific term for infectious disorders of the lower urinary tract (ie. bladder infections)?
Cystisis
56
Which of the following events can be potential cause of Urinary Obstruction?
Pregnancy Kidney stones Infection leading to scar tissue formation
57
Which of the following molecules does NOT form a type of kidney stone?
Sodium
58
Which of the following conditions is suspected if these symptoms develop: acute, intermittent and excruciating flank pain on the affected side; pain may radiate to lower abdominal quadrant and pelvic area; vomiting and nausea?
Kidney stones
59
The washout phenomenon most accurately corresponds to the following statement:
Urine from the bladder normally washes bacteria out of the urethra
60
Which of the following is INCORRECT with regards to Chronic Renal Failure?
Chronic renal failure is a reversible disease
61
Which of the following body systems is affected by chronic renal failure?
All systems of the body are affected

Module 8 theory (17 decks)

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