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BMSC208 > Renal 3 > Flashcards

Renal 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How much fluid is excreted in the body

A

180L/day is filtered and less than 1% is actually excreted, Most of it reabsorbed

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2
Q

Purpose of Reabsorbtion

A

It allows kidneys to selectively regulate ions and water to the plasma to maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

Why do you filter 180L if only 1% is eliminated

A

Because many foreign substances filtered into tubules but not reabsorbed
Frequent filteration of ions and water into the tubules simplifies regulation and allows it to occur rapidly

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4
Q

Is reabsorbtion active or passive

A

Both

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5
Q

Steps of fluid reabsorbtion

A

Na + is reabsorbed by active transport
Anions follow due to the positive in ECF
Electrochemical gradient drives anion reabsorbtion
Water moves by osmosis, following solute reabsorbtion. Concentrations of other solutes increase as fluid volume in lumen decreases
Permeable solute are reabsorbed by diffusion through membrane transporters or by the paracellular pathway

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6
Q

Transepithelial Transport

A

Substances cross the apical and basolateral membrane of the tubule cells to enter the ECF

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7
Q

Paracellular Transport

A

Substances pass through the cell to cell junctions between 2 adjacent tubule cells

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8
Q

2 types of Active Transport Na+

A
  1. Basolateral Na+ Active Transport
  2. Secondary Active Transport: Symport with Na+
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9
Q

Basolateral Na+ Transport

A
  1. Moves through various membrane proteins and moves down its electrochemical gradient (Apical Side)
  2. Na + is pumped out the basolateral side of cell by the Na+ K+ ATPase
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10
Q

Secondary Active Transport: Symport with Na+

A
  1. Na+ moving down its concentration gradient
  2. Glucose diffuses out the basolateral side of the cell using the GLUT protein
  3. Na+ is pumped out by Na K+ ATPase
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11
Q

Passive Absorbtion

A

urea (Nitrogenous waste product)
Due to the movement of sodium into the ECF, the concentration of Urea in the filtrate goes up. Which creates a contration gradient for urea to move into the ECF

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12
Q

Endocytosis

A

very small plasma proteins or peptides using megalin

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13
Q

Example of Endocytosis in reabsorbtion

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis
Receptor binding plasma proteins known as megalin
- Once the cell the proteins are digested by lysomes

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14
Q

How are majority of the substances transported in the nephron

A

They use membrane proteins

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15
Q

Saturation

A

The maximum rate of transport that occurs when all available carriers are occupied
In an average individual you never reach saturation

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16
Q

How does saturation effect in filteration

A

Amount of glucose filtered depends on the plasma glucose

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17
Q

How does saturation effect in reabsorbtion

A
  • The transport rate at saturation is the transport maximum
  • Excess glucose filteres = more glucose than transporters and some glucose is excerted (diabetes)
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18
Q

Renal threshold

A

When solute starts to show up in urine
Occurs at transport maximum

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19
Q

When does renal threshold occur

A

occurs at Transport maximum

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20
Q

Amount Exerted

A

Amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

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21
Q

Glucose excreted

A

Glucose filtered - glucose absorbed

22
Q

Glycosuria

A
  • Glucose appearing in urine
  • Occurs with elevated blood glucose
  • Rare genetic disorder with reduced transporters
23
Q

Which pressures favor reabsorbtion

A

Peritubular capillary pressures

24
Q

What drives reabsorbtion

A

Sodium in the proximal tubule

25
Q

Pathway of reabsorbtion

A

Proximal Tubule lumen - Epithelial cells of nephron - Extracellular fluid

26
Q

Apical membrane

A

Faces the lumen of nephron

27
Q

Basolateral membrane

A

Faces the extracellular fluid

28
Q

Filtrate and plasma both

A

Are isosmotic
Same solute concentration
No concentration gradient

29
Q

Where does active transport of sodium occur

A

At the Basolateral membrane using Sodium pottasium ATPase

30
Q

ENac

A

Sodium transporters through just a simple concentration gradient (Fascilitated diffusion)

31
Q

Glucose is low

A

In ECF and filterate

32
Q

Where does secondary active sodium transport occur

A

Through symport using SGLT protein

33
Q

Concentration of urea in ECF and filterate is

A

Equal

34
Q

What kind of transport does urea use

A

Paracellular Transport

35
Q

Majority of reabsorbtion happens due to the finite amount of

A

membrane proteins

36
Q

The amount of glucose filtered depends on the

A

Plasma Concentration

37
Q

As plasma glucose concentration goes up

A

Reabsorbtion goesup and Glucose transport into ECF goes up

38
Q

Transport maximum

A

When saturation reached

39
Q

More glucose than trasnporters

A

Lose glucose in urine (Diabetes)

40
Q

hydrostatic pressure at peritubular cappilaries

A

10mmHg and its low

41
Q

Second part of reabsorbtion

A

Peritibular pressure in 10 lower then oncotic pressure of 30
This creates a gradient for blood to travel into the peritubular capillaries

42
Q

net pressure at peritubular pressure

A

20mmHg

43
Q

Secretion

A

Transfer of molecules from ECF into the lumen of the nephron

44
Q

Secretion depends on

A

Membrane transport proteins

45
Q

What kind of transportation process does secretion use

A

Only Active process

46
Q

Why does secretion occur

A

Homeostatic regulation of K+ and H+ (Distal)
Organic compoind removal

47
Q

Amount Excreted =

A

Amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

48
Q

Where does secretion occur

A

Proximal Tubule

49
Q

Primary active transport during secretion

A

Happens at basolateral membrane to keep intracellular Na concentration low

50
Q

Secondary Indirect Active Transport during secretion

A

Happens at apical membrane and basolateral membrane. Uses NaDC cotransporter

51
Q

teritary active transport

A

Happens both at apical and basolateral membrane (OAT 1-3)

52
Q

Excretion

A

Tells us what the body is eliminating

BMSC208 (20 decks)

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