GI 5

Question 1

Three main categories of pancreatic secretion

Answer 1

1. Endocrine secretion
2. Digestive enzyme secretion
3. Bicarbonate secretion

Question 2

Pancreas are composed of

Answer 2

Contains endocrine secretory epithelium

Question 3

Exocrine secretory epithelium

Answer 3

Digestive enzymes and NaHCO3

Question 4

How are pancreatic enzymes released

Answer 4

by zymogens

Question 5

how are pancreatic zymogens activated

Answer 5

Tripsinogen converted to trypsin by enteropeptidase (Brush border enzyme)
Trypsin activates zymogens

Question 6

Role of bicarbonate in pancreas

Answer 6

They are produced in duct cells and neutralizes acid entering from stomach

Question 7

Cystic fibrosis alters

Answer 7

Pancreas secretion

Question 8

gallbladder

Answer 8

Storage redevoir for liver

Question 9

Liver secretes

Answer 9

Bile

Question 10

What id bile secreted by

Answer 10

Hepatocytes

Question 11

What is bile

Answer 11

non enzymatic solution
3 main components:
bile salts
bile pigments
cholestrol

Question 12

Main role of bile is

Answer 12

Lipid Digestion

Question 13

Bile

Answer 13

Dissociates the lipid molecule (takes it apart)

Question 14

What inhibits gastric acid secretion

Answer 14

Somatostatin

Question 15

Steps of Fat absorption

Answer 15

1. Bile salts from live coat fat droplets
2. Pancreatic lipase and collapse break down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids stored in micelles

Question 16

Cholesterol are packed in

Answer 16

Chylomicrons

Question 17

How are chylomicrons released

Answer 17

By the lymphatic system

Question 18

Bile

Answer 18

It recycles

Question 19

Gallstones

Answer 19

hardened deposits likely due to excess cholesterol or bilirubin
Upper right abdominal pain, jaundice

Question 20

Steps of carbohydrates digestion

Answer 20

Amylase (salivary and pancreatic) break down glucose polymers to disaccharides (maltose)
Disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides

Question 21

two categories of protein digestion

Answer 21

Endopeptidases
Exopeptidases

Question 22

Endopeptidases

Answer 22

Cleave proteins to smaller peptides
Attack Peptide bonds in the amino acid chain forming fragments
- Released as zymogens
- Pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 23

Exopeptidase

Answer 23

Release single amino acids for peptides one at a time

Question 24

Aminopeptidase

Answer 24

Amino terminal end enzyme

Question 25

Carboxypeptidase

Answer 25

Carboxy terminal end
(most of it)

Question 26

Digestive enzymes in the stomach are produced in

Answer 26

Chief cells

Question 27

ECL cells secrete

Answer 27

histamine

Question 28

Protein absorption

Answer 28

Mostly free amino acids

Question 29

olingopeptide transporter

Answer 29

H+ cotransporter

Question 30

Larger peptides are transported

Answer 30

By transcytosis
(Relatively small)

Question 31

Vitamin and Mineral absorption

Answer 31

Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K absorbed with fats
Water soluble C and B are absorbed by mediated transport
B12 is absorbed in the ileum after forming a complex with intrinsic factor released from parietal cells
Mineral absorption is usually by active transport