Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney weighs approximately

A

150 g

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2
Q

What is the length of Ureter

A

25 cm long

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3
Q

How many mL of urine will a nerve reflex is initiated

A

150 mL of urine

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4
Q

How long is the Urethra in Female

A

4 cm Long

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5
Q

Urine is actually a _____ of the kidney

A

Fluid biopsy

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6
Q

Basic structural & Functional unit of the Kidney

A

nephron

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7
Q

How many Nephron PER Kidney

A

1 to 1.5 million

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8
Q

Found primarily in the outer renal cortex.
Specialized for regular filtration of blood and the production of urine.
Primarily involved in reabsorption and secretion under normal hydration conditions

A

Cortical Nephrons

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9
Q

Situated closer to the boundary between the renal cortex and medulla
Crucial for concentrating urine by creating a high osmotic gradient in the medulla.
Enable water reabsorption and regulation of body fluid balance, especially during dehydration.

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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10
Q

Order of Urine Formation

A

Glomerulus > PCT > LOH > DCT > CD > Calyx > R U B U

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11
Q

How many % of the total cardiac output does the Kidney receive

A

25%

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12
Q

Total renal Blood Flow

A

1,200 mL/min

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13
Q

Total Renal Plasma Flow

A

600 - 700 mL/min

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14
Q

Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

Non-selective filter of plasma sunstances w/ a MW of <70,000 Da

A

Glomerulus

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16
Q

1st function to be affected in renal disease

A

Tubular Reabsorption

17
Q

It is the Plasma concentration at which the ACTIVE TRANSPORT stops

A

Renal threshold

18
Q

Renal Threshold for GLUCOSE

A

160-180 mg/dL

19
Q

ADH regulates water reabsorption in

A

DCT and CD

20
Q

condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to impaired water excretion and dilutional hyponatremia.

21
Q

It consist of the JG cells which produce renin

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

22
Q

Aldosterone regulates Sodium reabsorption in the

23
Q

2 major function of Tubular secretion

A

Regulation of ACID BASE Balance
Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus

24
Q

Major site for removal of non filtered substances ( secretion and reabsorption)

25
Blood in RTA
Acidic
26
Failure to produce an acid urine due to inability to secrete Hydrogen ions
RTA
27
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
Clearance test
28
used to evaluate glomerular filtration
Clearance test
29
Most common test for Glomerular Filtration
Creatinine
30
Obsolete test for Glomerular Filtration
Urea
31
Gold standard and Reference method test for Glomerular Filtration
Inulin (MW: 5,200 Da)
32
better marker of renal tubular function than GFR
Beta2-microglobulin
33
Alternative test for Creatinine
Cystatin C
34
used to evaluate tubular reabsorption
Concentration test
35
Patient is deprived of fluid for up to 24 hrs
Fishberg Test
36
Compares Day and Night Urine in terms of volume & SG
Mosenthal test
37
More accurate and preferred than SG determination
Osmolality
38
Methods include in Osmolality
Freezing point osmometry & Vapor pressure osmometry
39
Most commonly used and reference method test for tubular secretion & renal blood flow
p-aminohippuric acid test (PAH)