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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 1 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 1 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

renal means

A

anything to do with the kidneys

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2
Q

the most general function of kidneys

A

-process plasma, regulate composition and volume of plasma

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3
Q

kidneys regulate (specific) (4)

A
  • blood volume and pressure
  • water concentration and fluid volume
  • inorganic ion composition
  • acid-base balance
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4
Q

kidneys excrete

A
  • urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin

- remove foreign chemicals (drugs, food additives, pesticides)

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5
Q

uric acid is a metabolic product of

A

-nucleic acid (purines)

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6
Q

urea is a metabolic product of

A

-proteins

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7
Q

kidneys synthesize (1)

A

glucose (gluconeogenesis)

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8
Q

kidneys secrete (general)

A
  • hormones

- enzymes

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9
Q

kidneys secrete (specific)

A
  • erythropoietin (hormone)
  • 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (hormone)
  • renin (enzyme)
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10
Q

erythropoietin is a

A
  • hormone produced by kidneys

- stimulates RBC production in response to cellular hypoxia

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11
Q

1,25-dihyrdoxy vitamin D is the

A

active form of vitamin D

also a hormone

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12
Q

Renin is an

A

enzyme that helps control blood pressure

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13
Q

adult male (70 kg) total body water (TBW)

A

42 L

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14
Q

TBW of adult male percentage of total body weight

A

60%

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15
Q

fluid volume in each compartments changes in

A
  • health disorders

- by rapid movement of water (osmosis)

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16
Q

ICF (intracellular fluid) definition

A

fluid inside the cell

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17
Q

ECF (extracellular fluid) definition

A

fluid outside the cell

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18
Q

plasma defintion

A

liquid, non-cellular part of blood

fluid found inside blood vessels

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19
Q

ECF includes

A

plasma +interstitial fluid + cerebrospinal fluid

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20
Q

ICF percentage of TBW

A

40%

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21
Q

ECF percentage of TBW

A

20%

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22
Q

Interstitial fluid is majority of

A

ECF

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23
Q

key ions of body fluid compartments

A

Na+

K+

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24
Q

Na+ (majority in ICF or ECF)?

A

ECF

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25
K+ (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ICF
26
Ca++ (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ECF
27
Mg++ (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ICF
28
Cl- (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ECF
29
HCO3- (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ECF
30
Pi- (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ICF
31
Protein (majority in ICF or ECF)?
ICF
32
polar substances diffuse through CM
slowly or not all | ex. aa, glucose, water
33
nonpolar substance diffuse through CM
- rapidly | ex. CO2, fatty acids, steroids
34
diffusion is
a process in which movement of molecules from one location to another occur as a result of their random thermal motion (high conc. to low conc.) -over time there is even distribution
35
rate of water diffusion depends on
- aquaporins: water channels) | - water concentration
36
water concentration is measured in
osmoles
37
1 osmoles (osm) =
1 mole of solute particles
38
osmolarity
- number of solutes per unit volume of solution expressed in osmoles per liter - measure of solute concentration
39
low osmolarity ( ___water concentration)
high
40
high osmolarity ( ___water concentration)
low
41
when membrane is permeable to both water + solute,
the movement of water and solute equalized both solute + water concentration
42
osmosis
net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to one with a lower concentration
43
osmotic pressure
the pressure necessary to prevent solvent movement (osmosis) across semipermeable membrane -opposes osmosis
44
when membrane is permeable to just water,
the movement of water only equalized solute concentration
45
opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely is equal to
osmotic pressure
46
NPS (def. + examples)
- non-penetrating solutes (can't pass CM) | - Na+/Cl- ions
47
tonicity is determined by
concentration of NPS of an extracellular solution compared to intracellular environment of cell; causes changes in cell volume
48
isotonic (isoosmotic)
-same concentration of NPS outside and inside the cell, cell volume does not change
49
hypertonic (hyperosmotic)
-higher concentration of NPS outside than inside the cell: cell shrink
50
hypotonic (hypoosmotic)
-lower concentration of NPS outside than inside of the cell: cell swell
51
normal osmolarity inside a cell
300 mOsm/L
52
Water flows from __ osmolarity to __ osmolarity
lower (high water concentration) to higher (low water concentration)
53
movement of solute/water out of blood (plasma)
filtration
54
movement of solute/water into blood (plasma)
absorption
55
capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
pressure in blood vessels due to blood components (outwards)
56
capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)- arterial vs venous end
arterial: high Pc venous: low Pc- favours absorption
57
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pif)
pressure on blood vessels due to interstitial fluid components (inwards)
58
osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration (πc)
-osmosis into the blood vessels due to proteins in plasma (inwards)
59
osmotic force due to interstitial fluid protein concentration (πIF)
-osmosis into the blood vessels due to proteins in IF (outwards)
60
Net filtration pressure=
Pc + πIF - Pif - πc
61
ultimate goal of kidneys is to
maintain homeostasis: total body balance of substance

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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