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z:Physl 210A/B > GIT Lec 4: Pancreas > Flashcards

GIT Lec 4: Pancreas Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

pancreas is a … gland

A

exocrine + endocrine

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2
Q

pancreas exocrine function

A
  • produces secretions into gut
  • source for most digestive enzymes (carbohydrates, protein, fat, NAs)
  • enzymes produced in excess
  • pancreatic function must be above 10% (digestive/absorption issues bellow that)
  • secretion of HCO3- to neutralize stomach acid (needed for enzyme function)
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3
Q

pancreas endocrine function

A

-produces hormones that regulate entire body (eg. insulin)

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4
Q

exocrine- anatomy of pancreas

A

-secrete substances on apical side into ducts that drain onto epithelial layer

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5
Q

endocrine- anatomy of pancreas

A

-ductless gland, secretion across basolateral surface of diffusion into blood

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6
Q

pancreatic ducts

A

-similar to salivary gland

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7
Q

acinar cells- pancreatic ducts

A

-secrete digestive enzymes- exocytosis

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8
Q

duct cells- pancreatic ducts

A

-secrete H2O +HCO3-

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9
Q

pancreatic juices description

A

-isotonic, alkaline

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10
Q

how much pancreatic juices are produced a day

A

1-2 L/day

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11
Q

pancreatic juices electrolytes balance

A
  • high HCO3-, low Cl-

- HCO3-/H2O secreted by duct cells

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12
Q

pancreatic juices enzymes description

A
  • secreted by acinar cells
  • proteolytic enzymes stored + secreted in inactive forms
  • activation in duodenum by HCO3-
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13
Q

Ductular cell secretion- cytosol

A
  • carbonic anhydrase (CA) converts CO2 + H2O into H2CO3 then dissociates H + HCO3-
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14
Q

Ductular cell secretion- apical side

A
  • HCO3-/Cl- exchanger –> HCO3- out, Cl- into cell

- chloride channel (CFTR) –> Cl- out

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15
Q

Ductular cell secretion- basolateral

A
  • Na+/H+ exchanger –> H+out, Na+ in
  • Na+/K+ ATPase –> Na+ out, K+ in
  • K+ channel –> K+ out
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16
Q

Ductular cell secretion- paracellular

A
  • H2O +Na+ into duct because electrochemical gradient
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17
Q

after big meal: alkaline tide

A

-partial cells in stomach produces lots of acid so increased HCO3- in basolateral/blood

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18
Q

after big meal: acid tide

A

-duct cells produces lots of HCO3- so increased H+ in basolateral/blood

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19
Q

HCO3- from stomach and H+ from pancreas meet

A

in portal vein and maintain acid/base balance

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20
Q

starvation would occur without pancreas because

A

it is the source for digestive enzymes

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21
Q

proteases

A

-digest proteins into peptides/a.a

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22
Q

amylolytic enzymes

A

-digest starch into sugars

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23
Q

lipases

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A

-digest triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides

24
Q

nucleases

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A

-digest NAs into free nucleotides

25
acinar cells produce
pro-enzymes into zymogen granules (vesicles) stored on apical side
26
acinar cells secretion into duct modulated by
-neurohormonal input
27
trypsinogen is secreted by
pancreas
28
trypsinogen----> trypsin by
-membrane bound enterokinase in duodenum
29
trypsin is a protease and also activates
other proteases
30
In cystic fibrosis
Cl-/HCO3-exchanger is mutated
31
cystic fibrosis patients suffer
-pancreatic insufficiency | enzymes still produced by HCO3-/H2O minimal and enzymes cause pancreatic autodigestion
32
cystic fibrosis treatments
digestive enzymes +antacids
33
proteases by pancreas (inactive enzyme) and end-products
- trypsinogen - chymotrypsinogen - pro-elastase - pro-carboxypeptidase A & B -mixture of peptides and amino acids
34
-trypsinogen activated by ... and active enzyme
- enterokinase | - trypsin
35
trypsin action
endopeptidase
36
chymotrypsinogen activated by ... and active enzyme
- trypsin | - chymotrypsin
37
chymotrypsin action
endopeptidase
38
proelastase activated by ... and active enzyme
- trypsin | - elastase
39
elastase action
endopeptidase
40
pro-carboxy peptidase A&B activated by ... and active enzyme
- trypsin | - carboxypeptidase A & B
41
carboxypeptidase A & B action
exopeptidase
42
Amylolytic enzyme by pancreas (active enzyme) and end-products
- pancreatic amylase | - maltose,maltotriose, and a-limit dextrins
43
pancreatic amylase action
-cleaves starches to sugars
44
Lipolytic enzymes by pancreas (active enzymes) and end products
- lipase, free fatty acids and 2-monoglycerides | - cholesterol esterase, free fatty acids and cholesterol
45
lipase action
hydrolyzes triglycerides
46
cholesterol esterase action
-hydrolyzes cholesterols-esters
47
Lipolytic enzymes by pancreas (inactive enzyme) and end products
-prephospholipase A2, free fatty acids and lysophospholipids
48
prephospholipase A2 is activated by... and active enzyme
- trypsin | - phospholipase A2
49
phospholipase A2 action
hydrolyzes phospholipids
50
CCK regulation of pancreas
- fatty acids/a.a in small intestine triggers CCK secretion - increase enzymes secretion, gall bladder contraction (relaxation of sphincter of Oddi - negative feedback loop
51
secretin regulation of pancreas
- acid in duodenum - decrease pH triggers secretin, and secretin increase HCO3- release from liver and pancreas - negative feedback loop
52
secretin + CCK
- inhibit gastrin secretin - reduced stomach motility - reduced acid secretion
53
ach from parasymp nerves
increase enzymes secretion from pancreas
54
phases of pancreatic secretion regulation
- cephalic - gastric - intestinal (major)
55
intestinal phase of regulation (pancreatic secretion)
secretion + CCK release
56
gastric phase of regulation (pancreatic secretion)
distension of stomach stimulate pancreatic secretion via parasymp. nerves
57
cephalic phase of regulation (pancreatic secretion)
sight, smell, taste --> parasympathetic

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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