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z:Physl 210A/B > Reprod Lec 1- Male > Flashcards

Reprod Lec 1- Male Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system? (3)

A

– production of gametes
– organs for mating
– fertilization

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2
Q

Organs of Reproductive System (3)

A
  • gonads
  • pathway of gamete transport
  • accessory reproductive organs/glands
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3
Q

Function of Gonads (2)

A

– gamete production

– secrete sex hormones

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4
Q

descent of testes starts when ___to ___

A

3 months to birth

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5
Q

descent of testes starts when ___to ___

A

3 months to birth

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6
Q

testes are the ____

A

male gonads

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7
Q

testes contain ____ compartments each

A

250-300

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8
Q

testes contains ___ tubules ___

A

seminiferous tubules that are involved in sperm production

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9
Q

spermatogenesis begins at (what time?)___

A

puberty

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10
Q

seminiferous tubules contains ____

A

spermatogenic cells

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11
Q

mumps effect on spermatogenic cells (3)

A
  • center lumen: small
  • lining of cell: small
  • small spermatogenic cells
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12
Q

cells of testis (3)

A
  • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
  • sertoli cells (epithelial cells)
  • smooth muscle (myoid cells)
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13
Q

cells of testis (3)

A
  • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
  • sertoli cells (epithelial cells)
  • smooth muscle (myoid cells)
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14
Q

Leydig cells (interstitial cells) action

A

-secrete testosterone

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15
Q

Sertoli cells (epithelial cells) action

A

-support sperm development

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16
Q

Smooth muscle (myoid cells) action

A

peristalsis (propel sperm)

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17
Q

tubule setup (4)

A
  • smooth muscle
  • basement membrane
  • sertoli cell
  • lumen containing sperm
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18
Q

blood-testis barrier (3 parts)

A
  • tight junctions
  • luminal compartment
  • basal compartment
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19
Q

luminal compartment (3)`

A
  • tight junction
  • sertoli cell below that
  • lumen
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20
Q

basal compartment (4)

A
  • smooth muscle
  • basement membrane
  • sertoli cell above
  • tight junction
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21
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells

A

1.Support sperm development: “trophic role”
2. Secrete luminal fluid
3. Secrete androgen-binding protein
4. target cell for testosterone and FSH
5. Secrete inhibin
6. Secrete paracrine factors that affect Leydig cell
function
7. Phagocytosis of old and damaged sperm
8. Site of immunosuppression (blood testis barrier)

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22
Q

androgen-binding protein is ___ and helps ____

A
  • Androgen buffer

- Helps maintain steady [androgens] in lumen

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23
Q

sertoli cells secrete ____ that ___

A

Secrete paracrine factors that stimulate spermatogenesis

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24
Q

inhibin is a hormone (type of feedback loop for what hormone?)

A

-Hormone of negative feedback loop for FSH

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25
2 hormones that target Sertoli cells
- testosterone | - FSH
26
Function of male gonads (2)
- production of sperms | - production of hormones
27
function of scrotum (1)
temperature regulation
28
function of epididymis (2)
-- Maturation of sperm | – Storage site for sperm
29
function of vas deferens (2)
– Conduit | – Storage site for sperm
30
function of accessory sex gland (1)
-Production of seminal fluid
31
reproductive ability: childhood to onset of adolescence (upto 10-14 years)
• Inability to reproduce
32
reproductive ability: puberty (starts at around 10-14 years, later in boys) (3)
* Sexual maturation * Reproductive organs mature (can produce gametes) * Secondary sexualcharacteristics develop
33
testosterone is synthesized in ___
leydig cell
34
testosterone is transformed in ____ (4) in peripheral tissues
- testosterone - dht (dihydrotesterone) - E (estrogen) - inactive molecules
35
sperm production from late teens up
-continuous (small decrease in old age)
36
release of testosterone (starting at hypothalamus)
-GnRH (hypothalamus) --> (+) Luteinizing hormone --> Leydig cell -> (+) testosterone testosterone---> (-) LH, (-) GnRH
37
effect of androgens in males (6)
- spermatogenesis - 2 sex characteristics - increase sex drive - protein synthesis in skeletal muscle (anabolic effect) - increase growth hormone secretion - creating male reproductive structures as embryo
38
summary of spermatogenesis
-spermatogonia (2n)---> primary spermatocytes (2nx2) --> secondary spermatocytes (nx2)---> spermatids (n)---> spermatozoa (n)
39
mitosis ensures ____
continuous supply of spermatogonia
40
meiosis (has two stages)- spermatogenesis
-chrosomenumber is halved.
41
spermatogenesis takes ____ (time?)
64 days
42
spermatogenesis occurs ___
- inside seminiferous tubules from basement membrane to lumen - space in between adjacent sertoli cells through tight junction
43
Tight junction allows ____
spermatocytes to pass
44
Spermiogenesis (def.)
- last step in spermatogenesis - physical change to form spermatozoa - spermatid to spermatozoa
45
Spermiogenesis take ___ (how much time?)
24 days
46
head of sperm (2)
- Nucleus - Chromosomes | - Acrosome – Enzymes necessary for fertilization
47
midpiece of sperm (1)
- Mitochondria: source of energy
48
Tail of sperm (1)
Whiplike movements propel sperm
49
Spermatozoa released into lumen of seminiferous tubules is ___ and stay their for ___
* Immotile | * 20 days
50
Sperm maturation in epididymis (6-12 days)
- Acquire motility • Wave–like tail movement initially • Most of the fluid is reabsorbed • Sperm is concentrated
51
sperm moves to vas deferens by ___ and ___
peristalsis and remains there until ejaculation
52
FSH stimulates
gametogenesis/spermatogenesis
53
LH stimulates
androgen secretion
54
pulse generator (male reproduction)
hypothalamus
55
frequency and amplitude for pulse changes every ___ in males
90 min
56
Inhibin is secreted by
Sertoli cells
57
60% of ejaculate volume is from (accessory gland)
seminal vesicle
58
30% of ejaculate volume is from (accessory gland)
prostate gland
59
semen =
sperm + seminal fluid
60
accessory sex organs secrete
seminal fluid
61
secretion of seminal vesicles (has clotting factor outside body)
-alkaline fluid with fructose, enzymes, prostaglandins
62
secretion of prostate gland
-citrate and enzymes like PSA (prostate specific antigen)
63
hypertrophy of prostate gland is ___
biomarker for cancer
64
secretion of bulbourethral gland
-secrete viscous fluid with mucus
65
neural control of male sexual response is controlled by (2)
- autonomic nervous system | - spinal reflexes
66
erection (neural input)
parasympathetic nervous system
67
emission (neural input)- moving toward through tract
-on prostate, vas deferens, seminal vesicles | sympathetic nervous system: sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle of the ducts
68
ejaculation (neural input)
-rapid contraction of skeletal muscle for semen expulsion (somatic control)
69
phases of male sexual response
1. erection 2. emission 3. ejaculation
70
mechanism of vasodilation in erectile response
1. activation of parasympathetic nerve 2. increase NO 3. Incr'd cGMP 4. vasodilation 5. Incr'd blood flow 6. erection
71
mechanism of vasodilation in erectile response (viagra-sildenfail)
- cGMP broken down by phosphodiesterase -> no more erection | - viagra inhibits phosphodiesterase .
72
what accounts for low number of sperm o reach site of fertilization?
- acidic pH - low energy - lost in female tract
73
capacitation
- the change undergone by sperm in the female reproductive tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg - acrosomal enzymes released in surroundings -dissolving of end - whiplashing of tail after activation
74
sperm maturation in female tract
1. capacitation | 2. acrosome reaction
75
movement of sperm before capacitation
-wavelike
76
movement of sperm after capacitation
-whiplashing

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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