Renal Lec 3 Flashcards by Tami Ojewole

three basic renal processes in order

glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption

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amount excreted (equation)

amount filtered + amount secreted - amount reabsorbed

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processes that favour entry into lumen of tubule

filtration

- secretion

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processes that favour exit from lumen of tubule

reabsorption

- excretion of urine

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glomerular filtration

filtration from blood vessels in bowman’s space

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tubular secretion

secretion from blood vessels into tubule

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tubular reabsorption

reabsorption into blood vessels from tubule

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filtration layers in glomerular capillary

fenestrated endothelial layer
basement membrane
podocytes with filtration slits

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large proteins (like albumin) are held back because (3 reasons)

pore sizes are small
pores + BM are - charged, repels - charged proteins
podocytes have semi porous membranes

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semi porous membranes of podocytes have (types of transmembrane proteins)

nephrins

- podocins

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what passes through glomerulus? (9 things)

water
electrolytes
glucose
a.a
fatty acids
vitamins
urea
uric acid
creatinine

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what remains in glomerulus? (6)

blood cells
plasma proteins
large anions
protein bound minerals
protein bound hormones
most molecules greater than 8 nm in diameter

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ultrafiltrate

most of the substance in plasma in filtrate

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proteinuria

increased protein in urine

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net glomerular filtration pressure amount

+16

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forces favouring filtration

glomerular capillary blood pressure

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forces opposing filtration

fluid pressure in bowman’s space

osmotic force due to protein in plasma

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osmotic forces due to protein is bowman’s space is low because

concentration of protein in bowman’s space in so low

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net glomerular filtration pressure equation

glomerular capillary blood pressure - fluid pressure in bowman’s space - osmotic force due to protein in plasma

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GF pressure initiates urine formation by

forcing filtrate from plasma into bowman’s space

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volume that gets filtered out

20%

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volume excreted out of body

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<1%

volume that is reabsorbed

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19%

volume that continues onto the efferent arteriole

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80%

glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - (def.)

volume of fluid filtered from the glomerulus into the bowman's space per unit time

GFR amount (mL/min, L/day), in 70 kg man

- 125 mL/min | - 180 L/day

high GFR allows plasma to be

filtered around 60 times a day

4 factors affecting GFR

- net glomerular filtration pressure - permeability of corpuscular membrane - surface area available for filtration - neural and endocrine control

factors affecting GFR that are (somewhat) fixed

- permeability of corpuscular membrane | - surface area available for filtration

mesangial cell (def.)

-specialized cells in glomerulus that are not part of the filtration layers or juxtaglomerular apparatus

contraction of mesangial cell (do what?)

reduce surface area of glomerular capillaries, decreasing GFR

juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) two types of cells

- macula densa | - juxtaglomerular cells

macula densa (def.)

cells on the wall of the distal tubule

macula densa can sense

increased fluid flow through distal tubule through Na+/ Cl- concentration

macula densa secretes

vasoactive compounds (ex. adenosine)

macula densa paracrine effect changes

afferent arteriolar resistance by signalling to JG cells

juxtaglomerular cells (other name)

granular cells

juxtaglomerular cells are on (location)

the wall of the afferent arteriole

juxtaglomerular cells control

renin release based on sodium concentration

GFR- large changes in arterial pressure or renal blood flow

GFR remains fairly constant

autoregulation of GFR occurs by

changing renal blood vessel resistance to compensate for changes in blood pressure

myogenic (def.)

how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel

changes in renal blood vessel resistance mechanism

tubuloglomerular feedback effect --> myogenic response of afferent arteriole

tubuloglomerular feedback effect- role of JGA

- increased tubular flow causes constriction of afferent arteriole to reduce GFR - regulated` by paracrine actine on JGA - paracrine control of afferent arteriole resistance

blood pressure range for autoregulation of glomerular filtration

wide (80-180 mmHg)

increased resistance in afferent arteriole

decreased GFR

increased resistance in efferent arteriole

increased GFR

decreased resistance in efferent arteriole

decreased GFR

decreased resistance in afferent arteriole

increased GFR

adenosine causes

vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole

filtered load

total amount of non-protein or non-protein bound substance filtered into bowman's space

filtered load (equation)

filtered load = GFR x [substance in plasma]

substance excreted in urine < filtered load

reabsorption has occurred

substance excreted in urine > filtered load

secretion has occurred

Renal Lec 3 Flashcards

(54 cards)