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z:Physl 210A/B > Renal Lec 6 > Flashcards

Renal Lec 6 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

ADH/ vasopressin (type of hormone)

A

-peptide hormone (fast-acting)

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2
Q

osmoreceptors in …sense

A

hypothalamus sense increases in plasma osmolarity

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3
Q

ADH/vasopressin is produced by

A

cells of the SON of the hypothalamus

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4
Q

SON is in the

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

SON stands for

A

supraoptic nucleus

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6
Q

vasopressin is stored in the

A

posterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

ADH secreted from

A

posterior pituitary gland

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8
Q

site of ADH action

A

collecting duct cells in kidney

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9
Q

mechanism of vasopressin action

A

alters water permeability of the luminal membrane of collecting duct cells

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10
Q

aquaporins (def.)

A

water channels found in renal tubule cells and other cells

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11
Q

number of aquaporins types in body

A

more than 10

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12
Q

type of aquaporins in proximal convoluted tubule

A

AQP1

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13
Q

type of aquaporins in collecting ducts

A

AQP2, AQP3, AQP4

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14
Q

ADH affects … insertion on… via

A

AQP2 insertion on the luminal side via regulation of AQP2 gene transcription

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15
Q

AQP on basolateral membrane

A

are not regulated by ADH (AQP3/4)

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16
Q

vasopressin receptors are on the (side of membrane)

A

basolateral membrane of tubule

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17
Q

vasopressin action mechanism (after attaching to receptors)

A

-vasopressin receptor activates adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP which activates PKA and causes a cycle of protein phosphorylation which control insertion of AQP2 in luminal membrane

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18
Q

in absence of ADH

A
  • collecting ducts cells are almost impermeable to water

- extreme loss of large fluid volume (water diuresis)

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19
Q

ADH increased (pee less) by

A

shock, pain, warm, hot weather and water deprivation

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20
Q

ADH decreased (pee more) by

A

cold, humid environment, alcohol

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21
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

pathological condition: water diuresis, produce a large amount of dilute urine

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22
Q

central diabetes insipidus

A

failure to release ADH from posterior pituitary

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23
Q

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

impaired renal tubule (especially in collecting ducts)

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24
Q

water diuresis (+pathological condition)

A
  • only excess water is excreted without excess solute in urine
  • diabetes insipidus
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25
osmotic diuresis (+pathological condition)
- excess solute in urine is always associated with high levels of water excretion - uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
26
relationship between body fluid volume & [Na+] regulation
-water reabsorption is dependent on Na+ reabsorption
27
plasma osmolarity mainly determined by
measuring the plasma Na+ concentration
28
changes in total body [Na+] cause changes in
blood volume and blood pressure `
29
low [Na+] in plasma- short term regulation
baroreceptors regulate GFR
30
low [Na+] in plasma- long term regulation
aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption (renin. angiotensin II needed for secretion)
31
high [Na+] in plasma- regulation
-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates GFR and inhibits Na+ reabsorption and aldosterone
32
baroreceptors are (def.)
nerve endings that are sensitive to stretch
33
baroreceptors are located in
- carotid sinus - aortic arch - major veins - intrarenal (JG cells of JGA)
34
baroreceptors sense
-changes in blood volume, peripheral resistance
35
baroreceptors (decrease in b.p causes)
-decrease in stretch, decrease in nerve impulse frequency, activation of (SYM branch) of the ANS, constriction of afferent arteriole, ↓GFR, ↓Na+ filtered , ↓Na+ exerted, ↑ Na+ in plasma
36
aldosterone (def.)
steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex
37
aldosterone secretion triggered by
low sodium concentration
38
aldosterone effect is
long term
39
aldosterone (site of action)
-late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct
40
actions of aldosterone
- induces synthesis of Na+ transport protein - stimulates Na+ reabsorption - reduces Na+ excretion
41
Na+ reabsorption is linked to ... secretion
K+
42
Na+ reabsorption (mechanism)
- Na+ diffuses into the CCD cell (luminal side), actively transported out of the cell via Na+/K+ ATPase (basolateral) - K+ moves actively transported into the cell via Na+/K+ ATPase (basolateral) and diffuses into lumen via potassium channel
43
aldosterone affects which channels?
- Na+ channel on luminal side | - Na+/K+ ATPase on basolateral side
44
aldosterone regulation Na+ level
- low NaCL - increased renin secretion - increased plasma renin concentration - increased plasma angiotensin I concentration - increased plasma angiotensin II concentration - increased aldosterone release - increased aldosterone conc - increased Na+ transporter synthesis/activity in CCD - increased Na+ reabsorption
45
angiotensinogen secreted by
liver
46
renin produced by
juxtaglomerular cells of JGA in the kidney
47
renin is (def.)
an enzyme that helps control blood pressure
48
ACE stands for
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
49
ACE convertes
angiotension I to angiotension II
50
angiotensin cause
vasoconstriction and raise blood pressure
51
renin-angiotensin system (mechanism)
angiotensinogen --> (renin) angiotensin I --> (ACE) angiotensin II--> aldosterone (from adrenal cortex)
52
juxtaglomerular cells (location)
-on the wall of the afferent arteriole
53
juxtaglomerular cells are (type of receptors)
mechanoreceptors
54
juxtaglomerular cells sense
circulating plasma volume
55
low volume associated with
low sodium concentration
56
macula densa (location)
on wall the the distal convoluted tubule
57
macula densa are (type of receptors)
chemoreceptors
58
macula densa sense
NaCl load of the filtrate
59
renin conc. in plasma determined by
JG cells 1. sympatheitc input from external barocrecptros 2. intrarenal baroreceptors (JG cells) 3. signals from macula densa
60
decreased stretch (low circulating volume)
renin release
61
increased stretch (high circulating volume) inhibits
renin release
62
renin angiotensin mechanism initiated in response to
- sympathetic stimulation of renal nerves - decrease in filtrate osmolarity - decreased blood pressure
63
the most important trigger for the release of aldosterone is
renin-angiotensin mechanism
64
what stimulates ANP secretion?
- increased NA+ concentration - increased blood volume - atrial distension (most important)
65
ANP is synthesized and secreted by
cardiac atria
66
site of ANP action
nephron (several tubular segments)
67
ANP action
- inhibits aldosterone actions - inhibits Na+ reabsorption - increases GFR and Na+ excretion
68
increase in cardiac atria distension leads to
↑ ANP secretion leads to =(all directly or via aldosterone) -↓ plasma aldosterone, ↓ Na+reabsorption -afferent dilation, efferent constriction = ↑ GFR = ↑ Na+ excretion
69
K+ (renal handling)
- most filtered K+ is reabsorbed in proximal tubule + loop of henle
70
collecting duct can secrete
a small amount of K+
71
[K+] in urine is regulated in
CCD
72
hyperkalemia
excess K+ in blood
73
↑ extracellular {K+]
stimulation of aldosterone production | ↑ [K+] excreted in urine
74
↓ extracellular {K+]
no aldosterone produced | ↓ [K+] excreted in urine

z:Physl 210A/B (28 decks)

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