Renal/Urinary Flashcards
Review the most common pediatric renal and urinary diseases.
What are the general interventions for any kidney or urinary disorder?
- monitor intake and output
- monitor vital signs
- get a daily weight at same time each day
What is the last resort treatment for renal diseases that cause kidney failure?
Dialysis or Kidney transplant.
Describe:
Glomerulonephritis
An autoimmune disease that damages the glomeruli.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/301/216/654/a_image_thumb.png?1582561305)
It is caused by untreated strep throat or lupus that causes inflammation in the kidneys.
What are the severe complications of untreated glomerulonephritis?
- kidney failure and heart failure due to fluid build-up
- hypertensive encephalopathy and seizures due to toxin build-up
What are the urine characteristics with glomerulonephritis?
- hematuria: smokey-brown urine
- proteinuria: foamy urine
The glomeruli are no longer able to filter blood, protein, or fluids properly.
What are the diet restrictions for glomerulonephritis?
- limit sodium and fluids if edematous
- limit potassium if oliguria
Medications:
Glomerulonephritis
- diuretics
- antihypertensives
- antibiotics for strep infection
What are the interventions for glomerulonephritis due to toxin build-up in the blood?
Seizure precautions and anticonvulsants if seizures occur.
Describe:
Nephrotic syndrome
An autoimmune disease where the nephrons are damaged.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/301/231/763/a_image_thumb.png?1582561374)
The cause is unknown, but risk factors are diabetes mellitus and lupus.
What are the characteristic signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
- massive proteinuria: foamy urine
- hypoalbuminemia
- edema
Medications:
Nephrotic syndrome
- diuretics
- corticosteroids to decrease inflammation
- immunosuppressants
What is the teaching to the parents for a child with nephrotic syndrome?
To have child avoid people with infections since child may be on immunosuppressants.
Describe:
Epispadias and hypospadias
Congenital defects in which the ureter opening is in the wrong spot.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/301/232/938/a_image_thumb.png?1582561408)
How is epispadias and hypospadias treated?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/301/233/628/q_image_thumb.png?1582670244)
Surgery to correct the opening: is usually done between 6 - 12 months old before toilet training begins.
Is a child with epispadias or hypospadias circumcised?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/301/233/734/q_image_thumb.png?1582670301)
Usually not, since the surgeon may use the foreskin to reconstruct the urethral opening.