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2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank > repro 3 > Flashcards

repro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

mifepristone is given with what drug

A

misoprotol

mifepristone is a progeterone antagonist

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2
Q

bicornuate uterus

A

failure of fusion of paramesonephric ducts

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3
Q

two major causes of third semester bleeding

A

placenta previa and abruptio placenta

placenta previa presents as PAINLESS bleeding and no distress for fetus

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4
Q

first line PCOS treatment for PCOS patiets williong to conceive

A

climiphene
GnRH agonist
induce ovulation

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5
Q

27 year Oldman history of travel to carribean
2 day history of tender ulcerated lymphadenopathy
initially had a painless ulcer that resolved on its own

A

lymphgranulosa verosum chlamydia L1 L3
txt doxy
pregnant txt: azithromycin

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6
Q

DD sypillis and lymphogranuloma vereneum

A

both are painless ulcers BUT

syphilis has NO LOCAL LYMPHADENOPATHY

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7
Q

risk factors for endometrial cancer

A 
think anything that increases estrogen exposure
obesity 
estrogen only pills
nulliparity
early menarche
late menopause
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8
Q

histological exam of tissue resected during a hysterectomy
transitional epithelium can be seen
what might have caused this

A

resection of uretes while cutting the broad ligament

ureter and bladder are lined with transitional cells

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9
Q

epispadias is caused by abnormal development of?

and which structure does this give rise to in females

A

genital tubercle

glans clitoris

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10
Q

abnormal development of urogenital folds gives rise to?

A

hypospadias in men

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11
Q

epispadias can be associated with

A

bladder and bowel extrophy

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12
Q

what is the major complication of preeclampsia and how is it tested

A

DIC

d dimer test (fibrin split products)

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13
Q

pt has no uterus what are the differentials

A

Mullerian agenesis
androgen insensitivity syndrome
5 alpha reductase def

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14
Q

DD Mullerian agenesis and Androgen insensitivity syndrom

A

AISD…. XY and testes present

Mullerian is a normal female just no paramesonephric duct

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15
Q

weil felix reaction tests for which infection

A

ricketssial

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16
Q

hypoacusis vs hyperacusis

A

hypo— cant hear low sounds

hyper—cant resist loud noises

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17
Q

hypoacusis causes vs hyperacusis causes

A

hypo — damage to trigeminal nerve V3 mandibular branch….. tensor tympani muscle

hyper —- damage to sapes muscle supplied by cranial nerve 7 facial nerve…

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18
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 derivatives

A

MATT
mylohyoid,anterior digastric, tensor tympanii, tensor veli palatine
innervation by trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

define gummas in tertiary syphillis

A

subcutaneous granulomas

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20
Q

secondary syphilis signs

A

4 10 weeks

maculopapular rash, condyloma lata, lymphadenopathy, hair loss, muscle pain, fever

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21
Q

spina bifida problem occurs during which week of gestation

A

4th week

this is when the posterior neuropore closes

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22
Q

describe histology of the pagets disease

A

eczematous patch often with underlying DCIS
large cells with prominent nucleoli and clear halos
risk factors: nulliparity early menarche late menopause obesity

23
Q

histo of breast extracellular mucus surrounding the tumor cells

A

mucinous carcinoma is a rare form of DCIS

originates in milk duct

24
Q

fibrovascular structures lined by ductal epithelim (BREAST)

A

intraductal papilloma

no scaly rash like DCIS

25
Q

infant has hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly and lactic acidosis

what enzyme is at fault

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

this enzyme is required for the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

26
Q

alpha 1,4 glucosidase def

A

pompe disease

hypertrophic CM, cardiomegaly, hypotonia

27
Q

alpha 1,6 glucosidase

A

cori disease

28
Q

wht keeps a penis erect

A

parasympathetic S2 S4

29
Q

acute prostatitis causes <35 years and >35 years

A

<35…. chlamydia and gonorrhea

>35….. ecoli pseudomonas and klebsiella

30
Q

what test can be performed to check for genetic mutations for example parents wanting to find out if the child will have CF

A

polymerase chain reaction and sequencing

31
Q

which tanner stage is this

downy pubic hair and formation of breast bud

A

tanner 2

first signs of puberty

32
Q

dark thick pubic hair and enlarged breasts

growth spurt

A

tanner 3

33
Q

how to separate tanner 3 from tanner 4

A

tanner 4 has raised areola

34
Q

positive nitrite test and bacteria grown with eosin methylin blue agar

A

Ecoli

35
Q

bacteria grown on bile esculin agar

negative nitrite test for UTI

A

enterococcus

36
Q

treatment of skin infection caught by yoga mats

pt complains of skin hyperpigmentation after using the tretment

A

ketoconazole
MOA — blocking formation of fungal membrane steroids
ALSO blocks desmolase and 17 a hydroxylase
17 a hydroxylase block —– responsible for the antiandrogenic effects (libido,gynecomastia)
desmolase —– desmolase is essential for adrenal cortisol production which is used for feedback inhibiton of POMC gene which codes for ACTH and melanocyte stim hormone

37
Q

which antifungal druga has good CNS penetration and can be used for Cryptococcus neofrom

A

flucytosine

flucanozole

38
Q

production of which hormone would indicate sex of baby on ultrasound

A

dihydroesterone

external genatalia

39
Q

pt has suprapubic abd tenderness dysuria polyuria
prev 3 vaginal births
diagnosis and complication

A

uterine prolapse

pyelonephritis…. cardinal ligaments may compress the ureters and cause hydronephrosis

40
Q

cancer in prostate

specimen must be taken from which part

A

peripheral zone

41
Q

clomiphene mechanism

A

inhibits estrogen

leads to positive feedback

42
Q

medication commonly used for seizure prophylaxis in pregnant patients with preeclmpsia

A

Magnesium is used to treat preeclampsia, which presents with hypertension and proteinuria in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Magnesium toxicity results in loss of deep tendon reflexes, sinoatrial and atrioventricular node blockade, drowsiness, respiratory depression, and ultimately cardiac arrest.

43
Q

what runs on top of spermatic cord

A

ilioingunial nerve
damage can cause loss of sensation on medial thigh and scrotum
L1

44
Q

which nerve is resp for cremeteric reflex

A

genitofemoral nerve

45
Q

female with G6PD … what is the mechanism of disease transfer

A

lyonization
This is the process by which one part of the X chromosome is inactivated (heterochromatin) and the other corresponding part of the second X chromosome is activated (euchromatin). If the activated portion of the second chromosome contains mutant DNA, then X-linked recessive diseases can present.

46
Q

during which stage is chlamydia infectious

A

Elementary body extracellular

47
Q

what develops into prostate

A

urogenital sinsu

48
Q

neonatal chorioretinitis

A

toxoplasmosis

49
Q

neonatal conjunctivitis on day 15 what is the pathogen and what can be the other condition caused by it

A

chlamydia

pneumonia

50
Q

how can you diagnose chlamydia pneumonia in a neonaet

A

CBC will show eosinophilia

51
Q

oocytes are arrested in which stage after ovulation

A

metaphase II

52
Q

is early pregnancy a srisk factor for breast cancer

A

NO

late pregnancy is

53
Q

patient’s serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol, and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels are all low. The inhibin A concentration is normal.

A

edwards trisomy 18

54
Q

a thyroid secreting ovarian teratoma

A

struma ovarii

2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank (29 decks)

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