resp onc 4 Flashcards
58 year old woman…. firm fixed non tender axillary lymph node
what are pathological findings on bopsy?
the breast has direct lymph drainage to axillary LN
most common invasive tumor is infiltrative ductal carcinoma
anastomosing sheets of pleomorphic cells that express HER 2
clusters of small basophilic epithelial cells
small cell lung cancer
large germinal centers with numerous mitotic figures and necrotic cells
lymphadenitis
proliferation of intralobular stroma
fibroadenoma
pt has central lung mass and high level of ACTH and cortisol
how to treat cerntipetal obesity?
ketoconazole
inhibits 11 B hydroxylase …. which reduces production of cortisol
absent interleukin 12 means
no TH1 activation and finally no macrophage activation
IL12 is released by macrophags
pt with a kidney transplant present with worsening cough , fever, malaise …. CT shows ground glass opacities
pneumocystis jorvecii
also consider ascomycetous fungi
most common bacterial pneumonia assoc with VAP
pseudomonas
NADPH oxidase uses which substrate to make what?
oxygen to make superoxide
catalase positive organisms will use this up and nothing will be left for phagocytosis to take place
capsular polysaccharide cell wall by which bacteria
klebsiella
relationship of arteries to other structures in bronchopumonary segment
arteries run with the airways in the center of segment
each lung segment is supplied by?
tertiary bronchus and two arteries (pulmonary and bronchial)
epithelium of bronchus and when does it change
pseudostratified squamous till beginning of terminal bronchiole and then transition to cuboidal
airway smooth muscle cells extend to?
end of terminal bronchiole too
inferior mesenteric lymphnodes receive drainage from
splenic flexure to upper rectum
super mesenteric lymphnode
jeum, ileum, cecum, appendix. asc and transverse colon
internal illiac
lower rectum to the anal canal (above the pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), cervix, and prostate.
superficial inguinal LN
anal canal (below the pectinate line), skin below the umbilicus (except the popliteal area), scrotum, and vulva
extensive vascular and foamy cells found in cerebellum
hemangiomas
cells with round central nucleus with a perinuclear halo (fried egg)
oligodendroglioma
rod shape perinuclear inclusions that involve lining of ventricles
ependymomas
erythema nodosum hypersensitivity
type 4
late stage prostate cancer treatment
leuprolide
flutamide – nonsteroidal antiandorgenic
painless hematuria smoking history and night sweats
TCC
