Reproduction In Organisms Zoology Part Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Definition of life span
A
Period from birth to natural death
2
Q
Does life span depend on body size
A
Life span does NOT depend on body size
3
Q
Life span of may fly
A
1 day
4
Q
Butterfly life span
A
1-2 weeks
5
Q
Fruit fly life span
A
1 month
6
Q
Crow life span
A
15 years
7
Q
Parrot life span
A
140 years
8
Q
Cow life span
A
20-25 years
9
Q
Dog life span
A
20-30 years
10
Q
Horse life span
A
60 years
11
Q
Crocodile life span
A
60 years
12
Q
Elephant life span
A
60-70years
13
Q
Tortoise life span
A
100-150 years
14
Q
Life span is a characteristic of-
A
Species
15
Q
Define maximum life span
A
Maximum number of years survived by any member of species
16
Q
Average life span definition
A
Average number of years survived by members of a population
17
Q
Define life expectancy
A
No of years an individual can expect to live
18
Q
_____ is a feature of population
A
Life expectancy
19
Q
Life span depends on which features (4)
A
Genetics
Morphology
Physiology
Environment
20
Q
Name 4 stages of life
A
- Juvenile stage
- reproductive phase/maturity
- Senescence stage
- death
21
Q
Which phase of life has max growth
A
Juvenile phase
22
Q
Enzymatic reactions slow down during ____
A
Aging
23
Q
Features of reproduction
A
DNA replication Protein synthesis takes place Protoplasm formation Gamete or spore formation Young ones produced
24
Q
Define clones
A
Phenotypically and genotipically similar organisms (under similar environment conditions)
25
Asexual reproduction results in ____ formation
Clone
26
Variations may be found among clones called
Somaclonal variations
27
GxE=
| Genotype, environment
P (phenotype is dependant on genotype and environment)
28
3 other names for asexual reproduction
Agamogenisis
Agamogeny
Somatogenic reproduction
29
4 advantage of asexual reproduction
Rapid
Uniparental
Simple
Clones formed
30
Variations among asexually reproducing organisms may be seen due to ___ or ____
Environment conditions
| Mutation
31
Define mutation
Sudden change in DNA
32
3 disadvantage of asexual reproduction
Overcrowding
Crossing over is absent so variations don’t arise easily
Less chances of evolution
33
Name 5 types of asexual reproduction
1. Binary fission
2. Multiple fission
3. budding
4. plasmotomy
5. fragmentation
34
Define binary fission
With the help of mitosis parent cell is divided into two daughter cells
35
Name the 4 types of binary fission
1. simple
2. longitudinal
3. transverse
4. oblique
36
Vorticella is aka
Bell animalcule
37
Eg of organisms with longitudinal binary fission
Euglena
Leishmania
Trypanosoma
Vorticella
(Memorise like: EL wala TV chahiye)
38
Eg of transverse binary fission
Paramecium
Planaria
Diatoms
Bacteria
(Memorise like : P^2 DIvyansh Bansal)
39
Oblique binary fission eg
Ceratium
Gonyaulax
40
____ fission is done under unfavourable conditions
Multiple
41
What is cyst formation called
Encystation
42
What is spore formation in multiple fission called
Sporulation
43
Spore formation occurs under which conditions
Favourable
44
Multiple fission in plasmodium is called
Schizogony
45
Eg of organisms which show multiple fission
Amoeba
Plasmodium
Monocystis
Slime moulds (acellular protists)
46
Schizogony occurs in (2)
Liver cells and RBCs of human
47
Eg of organisms that show budding
Yeast
Hydra
Sponges
48
Internal budding is aka
Endogenous budding
49
What are gemmules
Internal buds in sponges
50
Which cells are found in gemmules
Archaeocytes
51
Describe archaeocytes in 1 word
Totipotent in nature
52
When 1 cell can form a single organism it is called
Totipotent
53
1 gemmule can make
1 sponge
54
Gemmules are formed in ______ sponges and a few _____ sponges
Fresh water sponges
Marine water sponges
55
Which conditions are gemmules formed in
Unfavorable conditions
56
External budding takes place under which conditions
Favorable
57
Strobilisation is seen in
Taenia (tapeworm)
(New segments are formed known as proliferation or strobilisation
58
Define plasmotomy
Division of multinucleated parent into many multinucleated individuals without division of nucleus
59
Example of organisms which show plasmotomy
Slime moulds
Protozoans
Opalina (Protozoan)
Pelomyxa (Protozoan)
60
Define fragmentation
Parent individual broken into many parts and each part develops into new individual with the help of regeneration
61
Example of organisms which show fragmentation
```
Algae
Bryophytes
Sponges
Hydra
Planaria
```
62
Name the 2 types of regeneration
Epimorphosis
Morphallaxis
63
What is epimorphosis
Only lost part of organism regenerates
64
2 example of organisms which show epimorphosis
Starfish -arms
Lizard -tail
65
Define morphallaxis
Whole body may develop from a single fragment
66
Example of organisms which show morphallaxis
Hydra
Sponges
Planaria
67
4 other names for sexual reproduction
Amphimixis
Amphigony
Syngenesis
Syngamy
68
5 advantages of sexual reproduction
Crossing over occurs
Variations found
Chances of evolution increase
Adaptation increase
Hybrid vigourity
69
What is hybrid vigourity called in botany
Heterosis
70
What is hybrid vigourity
When the progeny is superior to parent
71
If progeny is inferior to parent it is called
Inbreeding depression
72
4 disadvantage of sexual reproduction
Biparental mostly
Slow process
Complex process
Fertilization acts as a chance event
73
Name the 5 events in sexual reproduction
Gametogenesis
Gametes transfer
Fertilisation and syngamy
Zygote formation
Embryogenesis
74
What is formation of ova called
Oogenesis
75
Name the prefertilosation events
Gametogenesis
Gamete transfer
76
Post fertilization events
Zygote formation
Embryogenesis
77
What is formed in Embryo formation
Morula formation
Blastula formation
Gastrula formation
78
Syngamy comes under ____ events
Fertilization
79
____,____,___ are post fertilization activities seen during embryogenesis
Cell division
Cell migration
Cell differentiation
80
Self fertilization is aka _____
Endogamy
81
What is self fertilization
Sperm and ova of of same individual fused
82
Eg of endogamy organism
Taenia
83
Cross fertilization is aka
Exogamy
84
Eg of organisms with cross fertilization
Earthworm
Leech
Fasciola (liver fluke)
85
External fertilization usually occurs through
Water
86
What are oviparous animals and eg
Lay eggs
Eg birds reptiles
87
Animals which give child birth are called
Viviparous
88
What are ovoviviparous animals
Immature child birth
89
4 example of ovoviviparous animals
Kangaroo
Scorpion
Rattlesnake
Shark
90
Chances of survival of ___ animals is more due to parental care
Viviparous
91
Which 3 types of organisms lay fertilized eggs
Reptiles
Birds
Prototheria
92
Underfertilized eggs are layed by
Fish
Frog
93
_____ is a vital link that ensures continuity of species during sexual reproduction
Zygote
94
What does zygote connect
Haploid and diploid generation
95
Pattern of zygote formation depends on
Lifecycle
Environment
96
___ are seasonal breeders
Birds
97
Under _______ , birds can lay eggs throughout the entire year
Captive breeding conditions
98
Type of reproduction depends on
Genetics
Morphology
Physiology
Environment
99
No of chromosomes in fruit fly
8
100
No of chromosomes in house fly
12
101
No of chromosomes in maize
20
102
No of chromosomes in rice
24
103
No of chromosomes in apple
34
104
No of chromosomes in cat
38
105
No of chromosomes in rat
42
106
No of chromosomes in human
46
107
No of chromosomes in chimpanzee
48
108
No of chromosomes in potato
48
109
No of chromosomes in dog
78
110
No of chromosomes in butterfly
380
111
No of chromosomes in ophioglossum (pteridophyte)
1260
112
No of chromosomes in ascaris
2
113
No of chromosomes in aulacantha (Protozoa)
1600
114
Define parthenogenesis
Without fertilization, embryo is formed
115
Parthenogenesis can only be done by ___
Ova
116
Parthenogenesis is aka
Virgin birth
117
Parthenogenesis was discovered by ___ in ____
C bonet
Aphids (arthropod)
118
Artificial parthenogenesis was discovered by _____ in__
G Pinus
Rabbit egg
119
Artificial parthenogenesis is seen in 7
```
Annelida
Echinodormta
Mollusca
Frog
Salamander
Birds
Rabbit
```
120
Types of parthenogenesis on the basis of off spring
Arrhenotoky
Thelytoky
Amphitoky
121
WhAt is arrhenotoky
Only male birth occurs by parthenogenesis
122
What is thelytoky
Only female birth occurs by parthenogenesis
123
What is amphitoky
Both male and female birth occurs by parthenogenesis
124
Example of arrhenotoky (6)
Drone of honey bee
Wasp
Tick
Mites
Spider
Rotifer
125
Eg of thelytoky (3)
Lacerta (rock lizard)
Lepidoptera (insect)
Typhlina (snake)
126
Example of amphitoky
Aphids
127
Types of parthenogenesis on basis of mode of life
Complete or obligatory
Incomplete or cyclic
Paedogenesis
128
Complete parthenogenesis meaning
Organism which gives rise to new individuals by parthenogenesis only
129
Incomplete or cyclic parthenogenesis
Organism in which new individual formed by parthenogenesis or fertilization is sperm comes
130
What is paedogenesis
Larva becomes sexually mature
131
Eg of complete or obligatory parthenogenesis
Lacerta (rock lizard)
| Typhlina (snake)
132
Incomplete or cyclic parthenogenesis example (4)
Honey bee
Wasp
Turkey
Aphids
133
Paedogenesis larva example
Sporocyst larva
Redia larva
Axolotyl larva
134
Just read this
Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction but In this process embryo like stage is formed
135
5 advantages of parthenogenesis
Simple
Easier
Rapid
Triploid and aneuploid can survive (which usually don’t survive under normal conditions)
Useful in sex determination
136
2 disadvantage of parthenogenesis
No variation
No role in evolution
137
Ectohormones are used for
Intraspecific (in between members of species)communication
138
What is scientific name of silk worm
Bombyx mori
139
Which pheromone is present in Bombyx mori
Bombycol
140
Cat sex hormones
Civetone
141
Wasp sex pheromones
Geradiol
142
Honey bee sex ectohormone
Queen substance
143
Musk deer sex hormone
Muscone
144
In menstural cycle oestrogen hormone does or doesn’t increase drastically
Doesn’t
145
In menstural or estrus
| Cycle sex desire is less
Menstural
146
Heat period is present or absent in primates
Absent
147
Oviduct of frog 🐸 is modification of
Müllerian duct
148
Larrea Tridentata life span
11,700 years
149
Sequoia life span
3000 years
