research

Question 1

Critical thinking

Answer 1

smart thinking

Question 2

Operational definitions

Answer 2

carefully worded statements of exact procedures in a study

Question 3

Case study

Answer 3

examining an individual or group in depth in hope of revealing things true of all of us

Question 4

Naturalistic observations

Answer 4

observing or recording behavior in a naturally occurring environment

Question 5

Survey

Answer 5

looks at many cases in less depth

Question 6

Sampling bias

Answer 6

a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

Question 7

Correlate

Answer 7

when two variables change together

Question 8

Correlation coefficient

Answer 8

measures in mathematical terms how much two things are correlated (between -1 and 1)

Question 9

Experiment

Answer 9

You can control the variables, so you know what causes what

Question 10

Random sample

Answer 10

picking people randomly to get a more accurate survey

Question 11

Confounding variable

Answer 11

when there is a variable in an experiment that relates to the cause and effect

Question 12

Hindsight bias

Answer 12

saying things like “I knew it was gonna turn out like that” or “I should’ve known that answer was wrong”

Question 13

Control group

Answer 13

don’t relieve treatment

Question 14

Experimental group

Answer 14

receives treatment

Question 15

Double-blind procedure

Answer 15

no one knows how the experiment is happening

Question 16

Single-blind

Answer 16

the person experimenting knows what is going on

Question 17

Positive correlation

Answer 17

both go up, or both go down

Question 18

Negative correlation

Answer 18

as one goes up, the other goes down

Question 19

Randomly assign

Answer 19

randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

Question 20

Placebo effect

Answer 20

results caused by expactations alone

Question 21

Confounding variable

Answer 21

a factor that can produce an effect in an experiment

Question 22

Validity

Answer 22

the extent to which an experiment predicts what it is supposed to

Question 23

Descriptive statistics

Answer 23

numerical data used to measure and describe the characteristics of a group

Question 24

Histogram

Answer 24

a bar graph showing the frequency distribution

Question 25

Mode

Answer 25

most frequent value

Question 26

Mean

Answer 26

the average

Question 27

Median

Answer 27

middle number

Question 28

Skewed distribution

Answer 28

scores that lack symmetry around the average

Question 29

Range

Answer 29

the gap between the lowest and highest scores

Question 30

Standard deviation

Answer 30

the measure of how much scores vary around the mean

Question 31

Normal curve

Answer 31

the curve on the bell curve

Question 32

Inferential statistics

Answer 32

numerical data that allows us to generalize

Question 33

Statistical significance

Answer 33

When sample averages are reliable and there is a relatively large difference between them

Question 34

Outliers

Answer 34

Something that skews that data Ex. everyone gets a bad grade but one person gets a 100

Question 35

Standard deviation

Answer 35

How much the scores vary from the mean

Question 36

Reliability

Answer 36

Consistent results If it is reliable ⅔ of results should be similar

Question 37

Longitudinal study

Answer 37

When you retest the same people over a long period of time Disadvantage- long time

Question 38

Cross-sectional study

Answer 38

Testing different groups at the same time Disadvantage- not the same ppl, so the results may not be super accurate

Question 39

False consensus effect

Answer 39

When you make a statement about what you believe and think everyone else believes Ex. Biden is a bad president

Question 40

Heritability

Answer 40

The percent difference between things that can be explain through genetics or nature vs nurture

Question 41

Alucerary correlation

Answer 41

Superstitious- doing something Ex. wear one sock inside out because you played great when you did it now u have to do it every game

Question 42

Vivid cases

Answer 42

Think of one extreme example of something when it may not be true for all Scared of flying because of plane crashes