Research Method Questions Flashcards
(13 cards)
explain one disadvantage of obtaining quantitative data
numerical data lacks detail
What are the types of sampling + definition?
Random - random selection of ppts from a population
Volunteer - ppts willingly volunteer to participate
Opportunity - ppts are selected based upon availability
Systematic - ppts are chosen at regular intervals (nth)
Stratified - ppts are divided into sub groups based on characteristics they share
What are the strengths of each sampling method?
Random - Time consuming, freak bias
Volunteer - Volunteer bias, demand characteristics
Opportunity - Bias sample, researcher bias increased
Systematic - Sampling frame must be known, freak bias
Stratified - Very time consuming, freak bia
What are the limitations of each sampling method?
Random - Time consuming, freak bias
Volunteer - Volunteer bias, demand characteristics
Opportunity - Bias sample, researcher bias increased
Systematic - Sampling frame must be known, freak bias
Stratified - Very time consuming, freak bias
What are the types of Experimental design + definition?
IG - When two separate groups experience separate conditions
RM - All ppts experience all conditions in the experiment
MP - Ppts are paired based upon a variable relevant to the experiment and split into different groups
What are the strengths of Experimental design?
IG - Less chance of demand characteristics
RM - Less ppts required
MP - Less chance of demand characteristics
What are the weaknesses of Experimental design?
IG - Requires twice the number of ppts
RM - Demand characteristics chance is higher
MP - Time consuming process
What are the types of observations?
Controlled - recording behaviour within structured environment
Naturalistic - recording behaviour in a setting which it would normally occur
Participant - researcher records behaviour within the ppt group
Non-participants - researcher records behaviour outside of ppt group
Covert - ppts behaviour is recorded without their consent
Overt - ppts behaviour is recorded with their consent
What are the strengths of these observations?
Controlled - high control over EVs, easier to replicate
Naturalistic - high ecological validity
Participant - increased insight of ppts behaviours
Non-participant - Maintains objective
Covert - reduces demand characteristics
Overt - more ethically acceptable
What are the limitations of these observations?
Controlled - low ecological validity
Naturalistic - EVs are not controlled, harder to replicate
Participant - may lose objective
Non-participant - loss of valuable insight
Covert - ethically questionable
Overt - Increases demand characteristics
What are the types of self-report techniques?
Questionnaire - a set of written questions to assess a persons thoughts or feelings
Interview - a live encounter where one person asks a set of questions to another
Structured interview - the questions are pre set
Unstructured interview - a general topic is discussed
What are the strengths of self-report techniques?
Questionnaire - cost effective, Qs are straight forward
Structured interview - easy to replicate
Unstructured interview - more flexible, more insight on interviewee
What are the limitations of self-report techniques?
Questionnaire - social desirability, demand characteristic
Structured interview - limits richness of data as cannot deviate from topic
Unstructured interview - data is unclear and difficult to draw conclusions
