Research Methods

Question 1

Lay knowledge

Answer 1

Based on limited observations, personal experience and subjective impressions (inconsistent and biased)

Question 2

Scientific knowledge

Answer 2

Relies on systematic controlled methods (objective)

Question 3

Scientific theories

Answer 3

Aim to explain social behavior
- constructs
- causal relationships
- generality

Question 4

Causal relationships

Answer 4

Causality
Interventions
Correlation ≠ causation

Question 5

Valid research principles

Answer 5

To ensure valid testing of a theory
- observation relevance (measures must align with theoretical constructs)
- causal validity
- generality

Question 6

Construct validity

Answer 6

Constructs are inferred though observable variables

Question 7

Independent variable

Answer 7

Manipulated

Question 8

Dependent variable

Answer 8

Measured effect

Question 9

Internal validadity

Answer 9

Extent to which a study can demonstrate a cause and effect relationship

Question 10

Correlations studies

Answer 10

Identify relationships but are vulnerable

Question 11

Experimental studies

Answer 11

Require random assignment, control groups and manipulation checks

Question 12

External validity

Answer 12

Extent of generalization