resp-2 volumes and capacities

Question 1

what is spirometry

Answer 1

pulmonary function test to determine the amount and the rate of inspired and expired air

Question 2

what is tidal volume

TV

Answer 2

volume of air moved in or out of the resp. tract during each ventilatory cycle

Question 3

what is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 3

additional volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled following a normal inspiration, max inspiration

Question 4

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 4

additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled following a normal expiration, max voluntary expiration

Question 5

residual volume (RV)

Answer 5

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a max expiration

Question 6

can residual volume be measured with spirometry test

Answer 6

nooooo

Question 7

how to measure residual volume (formula)

Answer 7

RV=FRC-ERV

=functional residual capacity-expiratory reserve volume

Question 8

how to measure capacities? aka, what do they correspond to?

Answer 8

the sum of 2 or more lung volumes

Question 9

vital capacity definition

Answer 9

the max volume that can be forcibly exhaled after a max inspiration

Question 10

vital capacity formula

Answer 10

tidal volume+inspiratory reserve volume+expiratory reserve volume

Question 11

inspiratory capacity definition

Answer 11

max volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled

Question 12

Inspiratory capacity formula

Answer 12

tidal volume+ inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

functional residual capacity definition

Answer 13

volume of air remaining in the lungs at the endo f a normal expiration

Question 14

functional residual capacity formula

Answer 14

residual volume+ expiratory reserve volume

Question 15

total lung capacity definition

Answer 15

the volume of air in the lungs after a max inspiration

Question 16

what is the anatomic dead space

Answer 16

the air that doesn’t get refreshed or used, breathed in but not available for gas exchange and moves out

Question 17

minute total ventilation formula

Answer 17

tidal volume x resp. frequency

Question 18

what is alveolar ventilation

Answer 18

amount of air moved into the alveoli per minute

it depends on the anatomical dead space!

Question 19

is alveolar ventical or minute ventilation biiger

Answer 19

minute ventilation

Question 20

is anatomical dead space constant

Answer 20

yes, constant regardless of breath size

Question 21

alveolar ventilation volume

Answer 21

(tidal volume-anatomical dead space)x frequency

Question 22

is increasing rate or depth better for increasing alveolar ventilation

Answer 22

increase depth

Question 23

what is FEV1

Answer 23

forced expiratory volume in one second

Question 24

what is FVC

Answer 24

forced vital capacity

total amount of air blown out in one breath after max inspiration as fast as possible

Question 25

what does FVC equal

Answer 25

vital capacity | TV + IRV + ERV

Question 26

what is FEV1/FVC

Answer 26

proportion of the amount of air that is blown out in 1 second

Question 27

where is the difficulty in the obstructive pattern of breathing

Answer 27

difficulty in exhaling all of the air from the lungs, slower exhale, lots of air may remain in the lungs

Question 28

what kind of diseases have obstructive pattern

Answer 28

CF, asthma

Question 29

is FEV1 or FVC reduced in obstructive patterns

Answer 29

FEV1 significantly, FVC normal or reduced

Question 30

what happens to FEV1/FCV in obstructive patter

Answer 30

reduced, <0.7

Question 31

where is the difficulty in the restrictive pattern of breathing

Answer 31

they cannot fully fill their lungs with air

Question 32

why does restrictive pattern happened

Answer 32

stuff lungs

Question 33

what kind of diseases show restrictive pattern

Answer 33

lung fibrosis, scarring of lung tissue, muscular dystrophy

Question 34

is FEV1 or FVC reduced in restrictive patterns

Answer 34

both | reduced vital capacity

Question 35

what happens to FEV1/FCV in restrictive patter

Answer 35

almost normal! | they can breathe out fine, just not much air to begin with

Question 36

what do they measure using helium

Answer 36

functional residual capacity (rv+ erv) bu measuring dilution concentrations v2=v1(c1-c2)/c2