Respiratory Pt 1 Flashcards by Maggie Eby

In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) ___ and ___ are immobile

Cilia and Flagella

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In asthma: prolonged contraction of smooth muscle can result in

Difficulty in expelling air from lungs

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The nasal cavities and
paranasal sinuses provide
an extensive surface area
for:

warming, moistening &
filtering inspired air.

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Projecting from the
lateral wall are nasal
conchae or turbinates
which cause airflow
turbulence,
facilitating contact
between the air and
the mucus blanket
covering the
______ of
each nasal cavity

respiratory region

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the roof of the
nasal cavity contains the
______

olfactory mucosa

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Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) in some cases is due to a deficiency of ______

dynein (missing or defective arms)

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“____ epithelium” lines most of the
tract.

Respiratory

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Inspired air is conditioned before
reaching the ____

lungs

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Goblet Cells: Cell population tapers off in
_____

terminal bronchioles

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(sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers,
bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle are all found in:

Lamina Propria

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T/F: skeletal CT is extensive at the level of the bronchioles

False: absent at bronchioles

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separated by
the septum, contains a
vestibule, a respiratory
portion, and an olfactory portion

nasal cavity

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What is Metaplasia?

1 type of epithelium replacing another type

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4 Paranasal sinuses:

Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary &
sphenoid

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Coordinated cilia
movement moves mucus and/or particulate matter
towards the ___

pharynx

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____ cells predominate in Respiratory Epithelium

Ciliated columnar cells

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Increase towards alveoli

Elastic FIbers

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(Conducting Portion) Consists of a series of
tubes/cavities:
Carry air to & from
_____

site of gas
exchange

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In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium we see increase in ___ and decrease in _____ (cells)

Increase in goblet cells
(Protect against pollutants); Decrease in ciliated columnar
cells
(Decrease in movement of
mucus)

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Historical remnants of evolutionary origins from Gut

K Cells

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Kulchitsky or K cell secrete _____

various GI
hormones

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1) Ciliated columnar
cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Basal cells
5. Small granule cells
are all found WHERE

Respiratory Epithelium

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Small round stem
cells
* Give rise to ciliated
columnar, goblet &
brush cells
* Lie on basal
lamina, but do not
reach lumen

Basal Cells

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Conducting Portion: –Consists of epithelium,
lamina propria &
adventitia
–Wall ____ in
thickness from the
nasal cavity to the
alveol

decreases

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Secondary functions of the respiratory system include

olfaction in nasal cavity & phonation from larynx

Secrete a fluid intermediate between a watery & a viscous substance; From nasal cavity to bronchi

Seromucous Glands

--Narrow base & expanded apex --Contains large, light-staining granules

Goblet Cells

Functions of ____ --Air Filtration --Conchae interrupt air flow and create turbulence ◼Particulate matter thrown against conchae and adheres to its moist surface ◼Cilia move mucus/matter into nasophary

Nasal Mucosa

Collagen & elastic fibers * Blends with surrounding tissues * Provides structural support

Wall Structure: Adventitia

5 cell types found in resp epithelium

1) Ciliated columnar cells 2. Goblet cells 3. Brush cells 4. Basal cells 5. Small granule cells

The _____ consists of the nasal cavity & associated sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.

conducting portion

Normally, bronchiole smooth muscle _____ at the end of expiration (parasympathetic) and ____ during inspiration

contracts; relaxes

In bronchi, spiral layers encircling the walls * Along bronchiole tree the layers gradually decrease

Smooth muscle

Goblet Cells have Hydrophilic glycoproteins called ____

mucins

Mucous & serous glands in lamina propria moisten inspired air * Protect epithelium from ____

dessication

Secretions from small granule cells may exert ____ effect on goblet cell secretion & Ciliary Activity

paracrine

--scattered throughout respiratory tract --Part of diffuse enteroendocrine system (NE

Kulchitsky or K cell

Causes infertility in men & chronic respiratory tract infections in both sexes

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile cilia syndrome)

Superficial vascular network in lamina propria ___inspired air

warms

____ portion: Consists of a series of tubes/cavities

Conducting Portion

O2 carried to tissues for _____ respiration (oxidative metabolism => ATP, energy)

cellular

_____ respiration associated with lungs—functions in gas exchange (O2 & CO2)

Mechanical

Remaining columnar-shaped cells * Have microvilli

Brush Cells

With asthma, smooth muscle undergoes _____ during expiration

prolonged contraction

(Lamina Propria) Loose CT that contains: (4)

Seromucous Glands, ELastic fibers, skeletal CT and smooth muscle

3 Primary functions of the respiratory system

air conduction, filtration, & gas exchange

“likelihood that these cells are precursors of small cell lung carcinoma"

K Cells

Base has afferent nerve endings * Sensory receptors for general sensation or * Intermediate stage of ciliated cell development

Brush Cells

Hairs in the nose to remove course particles of ___

dust

In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium the epithelium is changed to:

stratified squamous ("better protection")

T/F: the sinuses may have no function at all.

true

Composition of ___ changes throughout length (Wall structure of respiratory system)

Lamina Propria

_____ – loose C.T. containing (sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers, bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle

Lamina propria

Regulates luminal diameter

Smooth muscle

are frequently used to relax bronchiolar muscles during asthma attack

Steroids & B2-agonists

Respiratory system wall structure

Resp Epith, Lamina Prop, Adventitia

T/F: Alveolar sac level smooth muscle is absent

True

Prevents respiratory tube from collapsing, will decrease

Skeletal CT

Mucous & serous glands in lamina propria ____ inspired air

moisten

Respiration divided into ___respiration & ____ respiration

mechanical and cellular

(vocalization—speech)

phonation

Respiratory Portion: Extends from ____ to alveoli

respiratory bronchioles

These cells synthesize and secrete mucus

Goblet Cells

(Lamina propria: Skeletal CT) --NASAL CAVITY: * Bone & cartilage Larynx/Trachea: * _____ only

Hyaline cartilage

The possible functions of the sinuses are as follows:

1. air conditioning or circulation related to olfaction 2. reduction of skull weight 3. heat insulation 4. vocal resonance and diminution of auditory feedback 5. allowing for developmental features of facial growth & differentiation

Conducting portion is comprised of: (7)

nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & terminal bronchioles

(Goblet Cells) Hydrophilic glycoproteins called mucins * Extracellularly become hydrated to form ____

mucus

--Benign focal pigmentations of oral mucosa --Tends to increase significantly with tobacco consumption

Smoker's Melanosis

Begins in trachea * Joins open ends of C- shaped rings

smooth muscle

Where gas exchange (oxygen & carbon dioxide) occurs

Respiratory Portion

a viscous protective lubricating gel

mucus

Cilia move mucus/matter into ____

nasopharyx

Nasal Cavity: Each cavity, separated by the _____

septum

What is Respiratory Epithelium?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

____ cells are the second most abundant cell type in respiratory epithelium

Goblet Cells

(sense of smell)

olfaction

Pharynx from Superior to Posterior

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

(Nasal Cavity) Projecting from the lateral wall are _____ which cause airflow turbulence

nasal conchae or turbinates

Respiratory Pt 1 Flashcards

(78 cards)