Respiratory Pt 2 Flashcards by Maggie Eby

Bronchioles: They differ in the absence of ___ and ___ within their
walls

cartilages and glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lamellar bodies contain

phospholipids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ diameter of
trachea increases the
velocity of expired air,
this helps to clear the
air passage

Smaller (decreased)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bronchi: in smaller branches, the amount of cartilage
____, whereas the amount of smooth
muscle _____. Also, the number of
glands and goblet cells _____

decreases. increases. decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penumocytes possess intracytoplasmic granules,
called ___, containing
phospholipid

lamellar bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

respiratory bronchioles characteristically exhibit a progressive ____ in height of the epithelium

reduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alveolar Septa contain_____;
communicating spaces
between alveoli

alveolar pores
(= pores of Kohn)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower respiratory tract begins at
____

larynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

irritation to lower airways (trachea & bronchi) triggers ___

cough
reflex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bronchioles: Begin as branches of the smallest bronchi (1mm or less in
diameter) and are lined with ____ which changes
to _____ epithelium.

ciliated columnar changes to cuboidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of Club Cells

non-
ciliated, dome-shaped, cuboidal to
columnar cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alveoli are thin-walled
structures surrounded by
rich capillary network,
supplied by ___

pulmonary A

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bronchi differ from the trachea in
having a layer of smooth muscle
between the_____ and hyaline
cartilage

lamina propria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(respiratory) Phagocytize particulate
matter & microorganisms

alveolar Macrophages
(= dust cells)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mediate airway sensation from the level of
the true vocal cords to the carina.

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of Fibroelastic Ligament in trachea

Preventing
overdistension of the
lumen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Also known as “heart failure”
cells become laden with
brownish-black hemosiderin
pigment resulting from the
breakdown of erythrocytes
leaking from the engorged
capillaries

alveolar Macrophages
(= dust cells)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lamellar bodies contents secreted as _____, a
phospholipid, which ↓ surface tension
& keeps cells moist for gas exchange

surfactant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bronchioles lack ___ & ___ glands; smooth Mm performs support function instead; several levels

cartilage. sero-mucus glands.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mucociliary ladder—
cilia in respiratory epithelium of trachea & bronchi
synchronously beat in ____ rhythym (coordinated traveling wave)

metachronal rhythm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Secondary (lobar) bronchi:
* Wall structure similar to
main bronchi except: : Supporting cartilages form
_____

form irregular plates or islands
rather than rings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trachea is composed of ____ epithelium. ____ glands + _____.
___ cartilage.
______ cells in isogenous groups
____ appearing matrix

–respiratory epithelium
–seronmucous glands + blood vessels
–hyaline cartilage
–chondrocytes
–smooth appearing matrix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ intersects with
respiratory system where upper
& lower respiratory tracts meet
at larynx

Digestive tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

~5% of surface area of lung lined by
____—larger, rounded,
dome-shaped cells

Type II pneumocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mucociliary ladder moves surface mucus towards ___ at rate of ~1 cm/min

larynx

Trachea: Posterior ends of C-shaped rings bridged by:

Fibroelastic ligament and trachealis muscle

most of epiglottis & true vocal cords covered by ____ epithelium

stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized

Irritation to upper airways (nasal passages) triggers ___

sneeze reflex

In terminal & respiratory bronchioles, goblet cells are replaced by _____—non- ciliated, dome-shaped, cuboidal to columnar cells

club cells

95% of alveolar surface area covered by simple squamous epithelium consisting of ______

Type I pneumocytes

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: can be affected by aneurysm of the ___

aortic arch.

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi: how does diameter compare to lobar/mainstream bronchi/?

smaller diameter than lobar + mainstream bronchi

Alveolar ducts: The walls of alveolar ducts are lined by ____

alveoli and alveolar sacs (clusters of alveoli) + simple, squamous epithelium

club cells differentiate into ciliated cells to ________ (the action)

regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium.

multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium.

club cells

Bronchioles: Club cells also function as ____ capable of differentiating into other respiratory cells following damage

reserve stem cells

Diagnostic feature of trachea

16-20 C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Throughout lung are small to moderate #’s of ___ cells

alveolar Macrophages (= dust cells)

In the smallest bronchioles, the epithelium will be _____ (mostly club cells, also known as Clara cells) and lack cilia altogether

simple cuboidal

Club cells Use ____ enzymes

cytochrome P450

BALT or MALT found in _____ layer of subepithelial CT

Lamina Propria

Lack of surfactant 1’ respiratory problem for premature infants => _____

respiratory distress syndrome

Digestive Tract intersects with respiratory system where upper & lower respiratory tracts meet at ___

larynx

These lymphoid aggregates are seen throughout respiratory tract—found in lamina propria—layer of subepithelial connective tissue

BALT (Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue) or MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

BALT

_____vocal cords located superior & lateral to ___ vocal cords

False. True.

T/F terminal bronchi possess an extensive amount of goblet cells

False; no goblet cells

___ vocal cords contain vocalis M & ligament

True Vocal Cords

In bronchioles smooth muscle performs ___ function

support

air-blood barrier consists of ____, epithelia cells lining capillaries & shared, fused basement membrane

Type I pneumocytes of alveoli

Alveolar ducts contain numerous alveoli lined with ___ epithelium

simple, squamous epithelium

Produce solution similar in composition to pulmonary surfactant

club cells of bronchioles

These bronchioles with individual alveoli in their walls are called -____bronchioles

respiratory

left recurrent laryngeal nerve originates from the left ____

vagus nerve (left comes off much lower)

Smallest part of conducting portion

terminal bronchiole

Both true & false vocal folds (cords) are house here

larynx

If food enters _____, triggers coughing reflex; may => choking

larynx or trachea

____ vocal cords covered by typical respiratory epithelium with associated sero-mucus glands

False Vocal Cords

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Damage or tumoral involvement is nearly always unilateral and manifests as ___

hoarseness

The _____ is often involved when metastatic lung cancer involves the left side of the mediastinum, either by direct invasion or lymph node spread

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

The main functions of the larynx are to produce ___ and to ____ the trachea during swallowing to prevent food & saliva from entering the airway

sound. close.

Trachea: 10 cm long tube that extends from the ____ to the ____

larynx; primary bronchi

1’ function of BALT is secretion of ___ onto_____—provides protection from micro-organisms

IgA onto mucosal surface (of bronch)

______ is an anti- inflammatory protein secreted by the club cells of the distal respiratory epithelium that has been proposed as a biomarker of lung epithelial injury.

club cell secretory protein (CCSP)

Trachea: 10 cm long tube that extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi. Lined by ___

respiratory epithelium

Normally, epiglottis protects ____ during swallowing; covers opening of larynx

trachea

(Trachea) Smooth muscle that results in narrowing during cough reflex * Smaller diameter of trachea increases the velocity of expired air, this helps to clear the air passage

Trachealis muscle

Terminal bronchioles possess _____ epithelium

tall, ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Alveolar macrophages are eliminated from lung at rate of 50 million/day via

mucocilliary ladder

Larynx: Located below dorsal opening of larynx, & covered by ___

epiglottis

Air within alveolus separated from blood within capillaries by 2 cell layers—so-called ____

air- blood barrier

Gas exchange begins at level of _____

respiratory bronchioles

Terminal bronchiole posses ______ epithelium

Ciliated columnar to cuboidal epithelium

The left _____ originates from the left vagus nerve at the level of the aortic arch and loops under it immediately posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum to ascend along the posterolateral tracheal

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Part of the respiratory tract between the lower part of the pharynx and the trachea.

larynx

Respiratory bronchioles possess ____, ciliated & non-ciliated epithelium with occasional alveoli

simple, cuboidal to columnar

____ bifurcates into 2 Main or Primary bronchi

trachea

The recurrent laryngeal nerves provide ___ to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles for vocalization

motor innervation

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi: T/F cartilage is absent beyond 2' bronchi

FALSE; Cartilage absent beyond 3’ bronchi (no cartilage in respiratory bronchi)

in addition to phonation (speech), ____ protect lower respiratory tract from entry of foreign bodies

vocal folds

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi: Multiple branchings leading to smaller bronchi and eventually _____

bronchioles

(Respiratory Bronchioles) Club Cells protect the bronchiolar epithelium by secreting ______

club cell secretory protein (CCSP)

Terminal bronchiole branch to form 2+ ____ bronchioles

respiratory

Alveolar ducts & alveoli lined by ______

simple squamous epithelium

T/F Bronchioles have extensive cartilage and glands in walls

False: no cartilage or glands in walls of bronchioles; but have prominent smooth msucle

Cilia use this to clear mucous/others from Respiratory Tract

Mucociliary ladder

Opening of _____ directly behind opening of __

esophagus; trachea

Bronchi differ from the trachea in having ____ rather than _____ of cartilage, and in having a layer of smooth muscle between the lamina propria and hyaline cartilage

plates. rings.

alveolar Macrophages (= dust cells): Also known as "heart failure" cells become laden with brownish-black ______ pigment resulting from the breakdown of erythrocytes leaking from the engorged capillaries

hemosiderin

What is fibroelastic ligament composed of?

collagen & elastic fibers.

Bronchioles produce solution that prevents ____ of bronchiole walls

sticking together

flattened epithelial cells modified for gas exchange

Type I pneumocytes

___ are also responsible for detoxifying harmful substances inhaled into the lungs.

club cells

As bronchioles get smaller, general trend towards thinning of epithelium with ___ of goblet cells

loss

The walls of respiratory bronchioles might have small knobs of ____, collagen and elastic fibers between the openings of adjacent alveoli.

smooth muscle

(Respiratory Bronchioles) Non-ciliated, dome-shaped protein-secreting cells found in the terminal bronchioles

Club cells

Respiratory Pt 2 Flashcards

(96 cards)