Respiratory System Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Parts of the respiratory system
A
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
2
Q
Two main functions of the respiratory system
A
Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange
3
Q
It is where gas exchange occurs.
A
Alveoli
4
Q
Contains olfactory receptors. it filters, warms, moistens incoming air.
A
Nose
5
Q
Air enters the nose through what?
A
Nostrils (nares)
6
Q
Traps dust and germs
A
Ciliated Mucosa
7
Q
Nasal cavity or nose is divided by
A
Nasal Septum
8
Q
Lightens the skull and enhances voice resonance.
A
Paranasal Sinuses
9
Q
Muscular passage for food and air, also called the throat.
A
Pharynx
10
Q
How long is the pharynx
A
13cm
11
Q
What are the regions of the pharynx
A
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
12
Q
for respiration and for air
A
Nasopharynx
13
Q
For air and food
A
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
14
Q
Protection from infection
A
Tonsils
15
Q
Also known as the voice box. It directs air and food into proper channels and plays a key role in speech
A
Larynx
16
Q
How many cartilages does the larynx have?
A
9 cartilages
8 rigid hyaline
1 elastic
17
Q
another name for elastic cartilage? Open during breathing and close during swallowing
A
Epiglottis
18
Q
Thyroid cartilages
A
Adam’s Apple
19
Q
Part of the mucous
membrane in the larynx, it also vibrates with air to produce sounds
A
Vocal folds
20
Q
Space between the vocal folds
A
Glottis
21
Q
Also knows as the windpipe
A
Trachea
22
Q
Length of the trachea
A
10 to 12 cm (4 inch)
23
Q
Trachea extends to?
A
5th thoracic vertebra
24
Q
Tracheal walls are reinforced with what
A
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
25
lies next to the esophagus and completes the posterior wall of the trachea
Trachealis Muscle
26
Trachea is also lined with
Ciliated Mucosa
27
What divides into the right and left main bronchi?
Trachea
28
Each bronchus enters the lung through the
Hilum
29
Define characteristics of the right bronchus
Wider, shorter and more vertical
30
Define characteristics of the left bronchus
longer, more narrow, horizontal
31
Smaller branches of the bronchi (also called bronchioles) lead directly to the?
Air Sacs
32
occupies the thoracic cavity except the mediastinum
Lungs
33
Apex of the lungs
Under the clavicle
34
Base of the lungs
Rests on the diaphram
35
How many lobes does the right and left lung have?
3 for right, 2 for left
36
Coverings of the lungs
Pulmonary (visceral) pleural
Parietal pleura
37
Covers the lung
Pulmonary (visceral) pleural
38
Lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
39
This allows smooth movements and lung adherence
Pleural fluid
40
This happens when there is inflammation in the lungs (too hot).
Pleurisy
41
Healthy amount of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity
20mL
42
Pathway of air
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
43
Site for gas exchange, includes the alveoli, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs.
Respiratory Zone
44
look like grape clusters; form the bulk of the lungs
Alveoli
45
The functional unit of the lungs
Acinus
46
Lung tissue is mostly what?
Air spaces and elastic stroma
47
Where is the movement of air done?
Conducting zones
48
Air blood barrier
Simple diffusion
49
What are the kinds of respiration?
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Respiratory Gas Transport
Internal Respiration
50
This is simply the process of moving air in and out of your lungs. Also called the mechanical act of breathing
Pulmonary Ventilation
51
It's the gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
External Respiration
52
This is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Respiratory Gas Transport
53
It's the gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells.
Internal Respiration
54
A mechanical process driven by volume changes in the thoracic cavity
Breathing
55
Air into the lungs
Inspiration
56
Breathing out
Expiration
57
Are acted upon during inspiration.
Diaphragm and External Intercostals
58
What happens to the lungs during in inspiration?
Intrapulmonary volume increases (volume of air) and pressure decreases
59
Diaphragm is acted through which nerve?
Phrenic Nerve
60
External intercostal is acted through which nerve?
Intercoastal nerve
61
What happens to the ribcage?
Upward and move laterally
62
What happens to the sternum?
Upward and move anteriorly
63
is a passive process in healthy individual
Expiration
64
What happens to the lungs during in expiration?
Intrapulmonary volume (Volume of air) decreases, pressure increases
65
Other name for expiration
elastic recoil
66
Names kinds of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
67
Excessive mucus production 3 months and 2 consecutive years
Chronic Bronchitis
68
Distended (swollen) alveoli, air trapping.
Emphysema
69
Irritation of bronchi or bronchioles, inflammation or tightening of airways
Asthma
70
Types of restrictive pulmonary disease
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Pulmonary Edema
71
Lung collapse (alveoli damage)
Atelectasis
72
Air fills the pleural space
Pneumothorax
73
Blood fills the pleural space
Hemothorax
74
Fluid inside the lungs
Pulmonary Edema
75
Lack of oxygen in the body
Hypoxia
76
Lack of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
77
hemoglobin attached to monoxide
Carbon monoxide poisoning
78
Respiratory Volumes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
79
inspiratory reserve volume
3,100mL
80
tidal volume
500 mL
81
expiratory reserve volume
1,200 mL
82
residual volume
1,200 mL
83
Vital capacity (without residual)
4,800 mL
84
Total lung capacity
6,000 mL
85
what measured the capacities of respiratory volumes?
spirometer
86
Caused by air rushing through major airways. Loud and tubular in nature.
Brachial Sounds
87
Produced as air filles the alveoli, Soft, muffled
Vesicular breathing sounds
88
(abnormal sounds) popping, crackling
crackles
89
kind of crackle disease
pneumonia, heart failure
90
(abnormal sounds) high pitched
wheezes
91
kind of wheezes
asthma and emphysema
92
(abnormal sounds) low pitch
ronchi
93
kind of Ronchi
chronic bronchitis, pneumonia
94
(abnormal sounds) loud high pitched during inhalation
stridor
95
external respiration occurs in the lungs, specifically in the
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
96
internal respiration occurs between what?
blood and tissue cells
97
most oxygen binds to what?
hemoglobin, becoming oxyhemoglobin
98
CO2 is carried in?
Plasma as bicarbonate ions
99
important in blood buffering
bicarbonate ions
100
contains the ventral respiratory group and sets the basic rhythm of breathing.
medulla
101
smooths the rhythm of inspiration and expiration
pons
102
Respiratory muscles are controlled by nerve impulses from the
Phrenic and intercostal nerves
103
this prevents overinflation
stretch receptors
104
What does the medulla also do?
CO2 increase, alert, afferent impulse to increase rhtymn
105
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
106
Leading cause of cancer death
lung cancer
107
Technique for breathing
deep diaphragmatic breathing
