Urinary System

Question 1

Essential for filtering blood, removing waste, and maintaining fluid balance in the body, consisting of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Answer 1

Urinary System

Question 2

Located retroperitoneal in the superior lumbar region

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

Where is the kidney located?

Answer 3

retroperitoneal in the superior lumbar region

Question 4

Kidney extends from

Answer 4

T12 to L3 vertebra

Question 5

Size of the kidney (long, wide, thick)

Answer 5

12, 6, 3, about the size of a large bar of soap

Question 6

What is the medial indentation of the kidney called?

Answer 6

Renal Hilum

Question 7

What are the three protective layers of the kidneys

Answer 7

Fibrous Capsule
Perirenal Fat Capsule
Renal Fascia

Question 8

A thin, tough, transparent layer that tightly wraps around the kidney like plastic wrap.

Answer 8

Fibrous Capsule (shape, infection)

Question 9

A thick layer of fat that surrounds the fibrous capsule.

Answer 9

Perirenal Fat Capsule (cushion and some insulation)

Question 10

A thin, strong layer of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney and the fat capsule.

Answer 10

Renal Fascia (anchor)

Question 11

Three distinct regions of the kidneys

Answer 11

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal pyramids

Question 12

First step of making urine — filtering the blood

Answer 12

Renal Cortex

Question 13

Processing and transporting urine

Answer 13

Renal Medulla

Question 14

Carry urine from nephrons to the collecting system

Answer 14

Renal pyramids

Question 15

walls between the cone-shaped pyramids

Answer 15

Renal Columns

Question 16

A large, open area that collects urine from all the pyramids and sends it into the ureter.

Answer 16

renal pelvis

Question 17

small tubes or cups that carry urine from pyramids into the central funnel (pelvis)

Answer 17

Calyces

Question 18

Blood supply of the kidney

Answer 18

Renal Artery

Question 19

It filters the blood to start making urine.

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

Blood enters the glomerulus through a small artery called the

Answer 20

Afferent Arteriole

Question 21

Structural and functional units of the kidneys and are responsible for forming urine

Answer 21

Nephrons

Question 22

The two main structures of the nephrons

Answer 22

Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule

Question 23

Contains glomerulus

Answer 23

Renal Corpuscle

Question 24

Located almost entirely within the cortex

Answer 24

Cortical Nephrons

Question 25

Situated close to the cortex-medulla junction

Answer 25

Juxtamedullary Nephron

Question 26

Receives urine from many nephrons, and deliver the final urine product into the calyces and renal pelvis

Answer 26

Collecting Dust

Question 27

Give the parts pf the urine formation

Answer 27

Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 28

Filtration of protein, platelets, and blood

Answer 28

Glomerular filtration

Question 29

Water, glucose, AA, ions

Answer 29

Tubular reabsorption

Question 30

What waste cannot be reabsorbed?

Answer 30

Nitrogenous waste Urea Uric Acid Creatinine

Question 31

liver waste

Answer 31

Urea

Question 32

enzymes metabolized

Answer 32

uric acid

Question 33

metabolism for skeletal growth

Answer 33

creatinine

Question 34

Final cleanup — removes more waste or balances chemicals.

Answer 34

Tubular Secretion

Question 35

What kind of extra waste does the tubular secretion add?

Answer 35

Hydrogen Potassium Sodium

Question 36

Characteristics of Urine

Answer 36

Slightly Aromatic and Acidic Clear and pale deep yellow

Question 37

Solutes normally found in urine are?

Answer 37

Sodium ion, potassium ion, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bicarbonate ions

Question 38

Solutes not found in urine

Answer 38

Glucose, blood proteins, rbc, hemoglobin, wbc, bile

Question 39

Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Smooth muscle to propel urine

Answer 39

Ureters

Question 40

Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac that stores urine temporarily

Answer 40

Urinary Bladder

Question 41

What are the three openings of the urinary bladder

Answer 41

Two ureter openings (ureteral orifices), single opening of the urethra (internal urethral orifice)

Question 42

How much does the bladder hold?

Answer 42

500 mL (1 pint) to 1 L

Question 43

What happens when it reaches 200 mL

Answer 43

Dribbles (micturition reflex)

Question 44

Thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Answer 44

Urethra

Question 45

keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed

Answer 45

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 46

voluntarily controlled

Answer 46

External Urethral Sphincter

Question 47

Act of emptying the bladder

Answer 47

Micturition