Respiratory System

Question 1

What makes up the upper respiratory system?

Answer 1

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

Question 2

What makes up the lower respiratory system?

Answer 2

Larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, smallest bronchioles, alveoli

Question 3

Respiratory portion of the tract consist of

Answer 3

smallest bronchioles, alveoli

Question 4

Conducting portion of the tract consist of

Answer 4

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles

Question 5

What is the function of the upper respiratory system

Answer 5

The upper respiratory system filters, warms and humidifies incoming air (all of which protects the delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system) and resorbs heat and water from outgoing air.

Question 6

What is the function of the lower respiratory system?

Answer 6

The lower respiratory system conducts air to and from gas exchange surfaces

Question 7

Constant movement of ____ sweeps mucus and debris toward the pharynx where they will be either coughed out or swallowed

Answer 7

cilia

Question 8

What 2 things clean and protect respiratory surfaces

Answer 8

Ciliary movement and mucus

Question 9

What is lamina propria?

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue providing support to the overlying epithelium; contains mucus glands

Question 10

What is another name for a mucous cell

Answer 10

Goblet cell

Question 11

The respiratory mucosa is an epithelium that lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract. It is a ______________________________

Answer 11

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 12

What do goblet cells produce?

Answer 12

Goblet cells produce a sticky mucus that bathes and protects exposed surfaces

Question 13

What type of epithelium lines the pharynx

Answer 13

The pharynx is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium to protect it against abrasion

Question 14

What type of epithelium is found in narrower respiratory passages?

Answer 14

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 15

The histological structure of the respiratory epithelium changes dramatically along the entire length of the respiratory tract.

Answer 15

The histological structure of the respiratory epithelium changes dramatically along the entire length of the respiratory tract.

Question 16

What is the primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system?

Answer 16

Nose

Question 17

What does air do after it enters the nose?

Answer 17

Air swirls around conchae and particles become trapped in mucus. Air also becomes warmed and humidified.

Question 18

The _____ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

Answer 18

Pharynx

Question 19

The __________ extends from the posterior part of the nasal cavity to the soft palate

Answer 19

nasopharynx

Question 20

The _________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone

Answer 20

oropharynx

Question 21

The __________ extends between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx

Answer 21

laryngopharynx

Question 22

What is the actual name of the “voice box”

Answer 22

larynx

Question 23

What are the 2 large cartilages that make up the larynx

Answer 23

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 24

What is the larynx made up of?

Answer 24

Cartilage

Question 25

What is thyroid cartilage

Answer 25

Thyroid cartilage – forms the laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple. It is attached by a ligament to the hyoid bone.

Question 26

What is cricoid cartilage

Answer 26

Cricoid cartilage – a ring of cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage.

Question 27

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 27

Epiglottis – forms a lid over the larynx; during swallowing the epiglottis folds back over the larynx and prevents food and liquid from entering the respiratory tract. It is the fold preventing food to go down the wrong hole.

Question 28

What is the vocal ligament?

Answer 28

elastic ligament within the vocal fold (true vocal cords) that vibrates and produces phonation (sound production at the larynx).

Question 29

What is the difference of intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary?

Answer 29

extrapulmonary (outside the lungs) | intrapulmonary (inside the lungs)

Question 30

How many lobes are in the right lung?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

How many lobes are in the left lung?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

The trachea’s rings of cartilage stiffen its wall and protect the airway.

Answer 32

The trachea’s rings of cartilage stiffen its wall and protect the airway.

Question 33

What are the pleural cavities?

Answer 33

The right and left pleural cavities that house the lungs are formed similarly to the pericardial cavity that houses the heart.

Question 34

What are the fissures called that separate the lobes of the lungs

Answer 34

Oblique-vertical | Horizontal-horizontal

Question 35

Where does air flow in the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 35

Trachea - primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - tertiary bronchi - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles to pulmonary lobules

Question 36

The respiratory ________ marks the start of the respiratory portion of the tract in which gas exchange can occur.

Answer 36

bronchiole

Question 37

A _______ is an air sac, across the wall of which exchange of gases occurs

Answer 37

alveolus