Urinary System

Question 1

The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves

Answer 1

The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves

Question 2

The ___________ is the conduit for delivery and removal of what is necessary to support cells and tissues of the body

Answer 2

cardiovascular system

Question 3

What are the organs of the urinary system?

Answer 3

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Question 4

The ______ are metabolically very active

Answer 4

Kidneys

Question 5

What produces urine?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

At rest, kidneys receive about ____% of the cardiac output

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

The two kidneys perform the ______ functions of the urinary system

Answer 7

excretory

Question 8

The ______ receive the urine from the kidneys and conduct it to the urinary bladder

Answer 8

ureters

Question 9

Urine movement involves a combination of gravity and the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ______

Answer 9

ureters

Question 10

The ______ receives and stores urine prior to its elimination from the body

Answer 10

urinary bladder

Question 11

What is urination caused by?

Answer 11

contraction of smooth muscle layers in the walls of the urinary bladder

Question 12

The ______ is a passageway that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior

Answer 12

urethra

Question 13

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 13

• Adjusting blood volume and blood pressure
• Regulating blood plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and other ions
• Stabilizing blood pH
• Conserving valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
• Removing drugs and toxins from the bloodstream

Question 14

Urine production functions to maintain _________ by regulating the volume and composition of blood, which includes the excretion of metabolic waste products

Answer 14

homeostasis

Question 15

The kidneys lie behind the parietal peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity; they are considered to be in a __________ position.

Answer 15

retroperitoneal

Question 16

The ________ covers the outer surface of the kidney, it also lines the renal sinus

Answer 16

fibrous capsule

Question 17

_______ is an internal cavity within the kidney

Answer 17

renal sinus

Question 18

The outer and inner linings of the kidney are continuous at the _______

Answer 18

hilum

Question 19

Within the renal sinus, the ____________ stabilizes the positions of the ureter, the renal blood vessels, and renal nerves

Answer 19

fibrous capsule

Question 20

The ______ is the superficial portion of the kidney, in contact with the fibrous capsule.

Answer 20

Renal cortex, the cortex is reddish brown and granular

Question 21

The _______ extends from the renal cortex to the renal sinus

Answer 21

Renal medulla

Question 22

A _______ is a conical structure extending from the cortex to a tip called the renal papilla

Answer 22

renal pyramid

Question 23

A ______ is a band of granular tissue that separates adjacent pyramids

Answer 23

renal column

Question 24

A _____ consists of a renal pyramid, the overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of the renal columns.

Answer 24

Kidney lobe

Question 25

How many kidney lobes are in each kidney

Answer 25

Each kidney contains 6-18 kidney lobes

Question 26

Where does urine production occur in the kidneys

Answer 26

Kidney lobes

Question 27

_________ collects urine produced by a single kidney lobe

Answer 27

Minor calyx

Question 28

_________ is formed by the fusion of 3-4 minor calyces

Answer 28

Major calyx

Question 29

The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration of blood and carrying the filtrate through its tubular structure and the collecting system of the kidney to ultimately leave the kidney as urine

Answer 29

nephron

Question 30

_______ are the most numerous nephrons. They are responsible for most of the regulatory functions of the kidneys.

Answer 30

Cortical nephrons

Question 31

___________ play a crucial role in establishing conditions in the renal medulla that are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine

Answer 31

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 32

Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine

Answer 32

Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine

Question 33

______ is a cup-shaped chamber into which filtrate flows

Answer 33

Bowman's capsule

Question 34

What is glomerulus

Answer 34

capillary network through which filtration occurs

Question 35

What is proximal tubule

Answer 35

initial segment of the renal tubule responsible for the major reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions from the filtrate

Question 36

What is distal tubule

Answer 36

Last segment of the renal tubule responsible for a small amount of reabsorption of water and ions

Question 37

What does the collecting duct do

Answer 37

Receives the urine from the individual nephrons and performs final adjustments in urine volume and composition before delivering it into a minor calyx

Question 38

What is loop of henle with capillary network

Answer 38

Middle segment of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorption of water and ions

Question 39

The kidneys and ureters are _________ in their positions

Answer 39

retroperitoneal

Question 40

Each _____ crosses the common iliac artery and vein as it enters the pelvis

Answer 40

ureter

Question 41

The urinary bladder is filled by the ______ and drained by the ______

Answer 41

ureters | urethra

Question 42

What is the trigone?

Answer 42

a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra