Reviewer #1

Question 1

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa or cavity also the most COMMON URT disorder

Answer 1

Rhinitis

Question 2

2 Classifications of rhinitis

Answer 2

Infectious or Non-infectious

Question 3

Why is rhinitis the most common?

Answer 3

Due to constant exposure of the URT to the environment makes it susceptible to disorders.

Question 4

Example of infectious rhinitis

Answer 4

Viral rhinitis or Common cold

Question 5

Example of non-infectious rhinitis

Answer 5

Allergic rhinitis

Question 6

Can spread via aerosolized droplet nuclei during sneezing or coughing. It’s patients are highly contagious also known as “Common cold”

Answer 6

Acute Viral Rhinitis

Question 7

A communicable infectious virus that causes inflammation of the nasal mucosa or rhinitis.

Answer 7

Human Rhinovirus (HRV)

Question 8

Rhinovirus got it’s name due to? and what are the most common symptoms it causes?

Answer 8

Rhino means nose, most common symptoms causes a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing, as well as sore throat and cough

Question 9

Rhinovirus belongs to what family?

Answer 9

Picornaviridae family of viruses

Question 10

Rhinovirus are deemed naked because?

Answer 10

Because it’s capsid isn’t covered by a lipid membrane

Question 11

Why does the rhinovirus typically not infect the GI tract or spread to fecal to oral route?

Answer 11

It is because rhinovirus is acid labile meaning the stomach acid can destroy it

Question 12

Rhinovirus commonly infects?

Answer 12

The epithelium of the respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity

Question 13

How long does rhinovirus survive for?

Answer 13

2 hours on the skin and 4 days on surfaces

Question 14

A symptomatic disorder of the nose that is induced by an Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated inflammatory response

Answer 14

Allergic rhinitis

Question 15

Most common aggravating factors or allergic rhinitis are?

Answer 15

Foods, Pollen, and Animal dander

Question 16

Allergic rhinitis triad of symptoms

Answer 16

1. The allergic shiner, darkening of the lower eyelids due to suborbital edema
2. The allergic crease, a transverse line above the tip and below the bridge of the nose
3. The allergic salute, frequent wiping of the nose with the palm of the hand

Question 17

If the leukocyte is eosinophils, what is present?

Answer 17

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 18

If the leukocyte is Neutrophil, what is present?

Answer 18

Viral rhinitis

Question 19

What is the main purpose of treatment for the common cold?

Answer 19

Since it has no cure the treatments aim is to decrease the impact of symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infection.

Question 20

Medication that promotes vasoconstriction, reduces inflammation and edema of nasa mucosa and relieving nasal congestions

Answer 20

Decongestants

Question 21

Medication that relieves the systematic effect of histamines and dry respiratory secretions through an anticholinergic effect

Answer 21

Antihistamines

Question 22

Inflammation of the parasinuses 7-10 days duration

Answer 22

Acute Sinusitis

Question 23

Prolonged nasal congestion and inflammation leads to what?

Answer 23

Acute Sinusitis

Question 24

Acute sinusitis signifies what?

Answer 24

A bacterial infection of the sinuses

Question 25

Acute rhinitis predisposes the development of?

Answer 25

Sinusitis due to constant inflammation within the sinus cavities

Question 26

Other cause of sinusitis?

Answer 26

Smoking, structural problems of the nose, narrowed passageway, deviated septum, tumors or polyps

Question 27

Physical findings that suggests sinusitis

Answer 27

1. Purulent nasal secretions l 2. Increased posterior pharyngeal secretions 3. Mucosal erythema 4. Periorbital edema 5. Tenderness overlying sinuses

Question 28

Patients with sinusitis often complain of

Answer 28

1. Unilateral face pain 2. Purulent nasal discharge 3. Pain during mastication 4. Anosmia 5. Headache 6. Fever 7. Nasal congestion 8. (rare) halitosis, toothache, metallic taste or cough

Question 29

An infection of the sinuses that persists for 3 to 8 weeks but can continue for months or even years

Answer 29

Chronic Sinusitis

Question 30

Sinusitis is rarely life threatening but serious complications can occur due to?

Answer 30

Proximity to the orbital and cranial cavities

Question 31

What leads to chronic sinusitis?

Answer 31

Inflammation or obstruction that prevents normal progression of drainage from the sinus cavities

Question 32

Complications of sinusitis?

Answer 32

Periorbital cellulitis, dental abscess, meningitis, encephalitis

Question 33

X-ray of the sinuses used to detect congestion in the maxillary sinus cavities

Answer 33

Water's view

Question 34

An inflammation of the throat or pharynx primarily caused by infection

Answer 34

Pharyngitis

Question 35

Pharyngitis is commonly caused by viral infections, but some bacteria are capable of producing infection like

Answer 35

Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci

Question 36

Incubation phase of pharyngitis upon exposure to organisms is?

Answer 36

2 to 5 days

Question 37

Communicability of the disease is greater during?

Answer 37

Acute phase

Question 38

Presenting symptoms of pharyngitis

Answer 38

Sore throat and pain when swallowing

Question 39

Symptoms that are generally more pronounced in streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 39

Fever and Cervical adenopathy

Question 40

Pharyngitis predictors

Answer 40

Tonsillitis exudates, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, hx of fever and absence of cough

Question 41

Viral pharyngitis is treated with?

Answer 41

Analgesic, antipyretics, and supportive care

Question 42

If the cause of pharyngitis is GABHS, what is the treatment of choice?

Answer 42

IM Benzathine Penicillin G

Question 43

What kind of diet is provided during the acute stage of pharyngitis?

Answer 43

A liquid or soft diet

Question 44

What are used depending on the severity of the lesion and degree of the pain.

Answer 44

Warm saline gargles or Irrigations

Question 45

What can relieve sore throats

Answer 45

Ice collar

Question 46

What may add greatly to the patient’s comfort and prevent the development of fissure of the lips and oral inflammation when bacterial infection is present.

Answer 46

Mouth care

Question 47

Acute inflammation of the tonsils

Answer 47

Tonsilittis

Question 48

Tonsilittis is usually?

Answer 48

Streptococcal infection

Question 49

The incidence of streptococcal infections is greatest in

Answer 49

Cold climates

Question 50

Viral infections tonsilittis are communicable for

Answer 50

2-3 days

Question 51

Tonsilittis symptoms usually resolve within

Answer 51

3-10 days

Question 52

Surgical removal of the tonsil

Answer 52

Tonsillectomy

Question 53

Medicine used for pain relief used in Tonsillectomy

Answer 53

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Question 54

Peritonsilar abscess is also known as?

Answer 54

Quinsy

Question 55

Localized accumulation of pus in the peritonsilar tissues that forms as a result of suppurative tonsillitis

Answer 55

Peritonsilar abscess

Question 56

Uncommon disorder that presents as a medical emergency

Answer 56

Epiglottitis

Question 57

Using a tongue blade to view the oropharynx is

Answer 57

Avoided, and a laryngoscope is used

Question 58

Inflammation of the Larynx

Answer 58

Laryngitis

Question 59

Acute laryngitis is self-limiting, but if it lasts for more than 3 weeks

Answer 59

It is chronic laryngitis

Question 60

Primary symptoms of laryngitis

Answer 60

Change in voice, Hoarseness, Dysphonia or Aphonia