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Reviewer #2 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

The overall exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, the blood and the cells

A

Respiration

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2
Q

They share equal the responsibility of supplying oxygen to and elimination carbon dioxide from cells

A

Cardiovascular and Respiratory system

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3
Q

The openings into the external nose are called?

A

Nostrills or External nares

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4
Q

The internal nose connects with the throat or pharynx via?

A

The two internal nares

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5
Q

The nose is separated into a right and left nasal cavity by?

A

Nasal septum

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6
Q

Filter out large dust particles in the air

A

Coarse hair

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7
Q

The internal nose has three shelves formed by the turbinate bones

A
  1. Superior meatus
  2. Middle meatus
  3. Inferior meatus
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8
Q

The olfactory receptors are found in

A

Superior meatus

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9
Q

The internal nose has three functions

A
  1. Air is warmed, moistened, and filtered.
  2. Olfactory stimuli are detected.
  3. Large hollow resonating chambers are provided for speech sounds.
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10
Q

The pharynx or throat has two functions

A
  1. Passageway for both food and air.
  2. Forms resonating chambers for speech sound
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11
Q

The Pharynx is divided into 3 parts

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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12
Q

The nasopharynx has four openings in it’s walls

A

2 internal nares and opening of the 2 eustachian tubes

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13
Q

The nasopharynx also houses the?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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14
Q

The oropharynx has one opening called?

A

The fauces or connection to the mouth

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15
Q

The oropharynx houses the?

A

Palatine and Linguinal tonsils

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16
Q

The laryngopharynx posterior connection is with the?

A

Esophagus

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17
Q

The laryngopharynx anterior connection is with the?

A

Larynx

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18
Q

The walls of the larynx are supported by nine pieces of cartilage; three are single and three are paired.

A

Single
1. Epiglottis
2. Thyroid
3. Cricoid
Paired
1. Arytenoids
2. Corniculates
3. Cuneiforms

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19
Q

Also called the adams apple usually larger in men and is the largest single piece.

A

Thyroid cartillage

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20
Q

A large, single leaf-shaped piece of cartilage that pulls down over the glottis when we swallow, to keep food or liquids from getting into the trachea

A

Epiglottis

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21
Q

A single ring of cartilage that connects with the first tracheal ring.

A

Cricoid cartillage

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22
Q

Ladle shaped and are attached to the vocal cords and laryngeal muscles. (Production of different voice qualities)

A

Arytenoids cartillage

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23
Q

Cone shaped cartillage

A

Corniculates cartillage

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24
Q

Rod shaped cartillage

A

Cuneiform cartillages

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25
The mucous membrane of the larynx is arranged in two pairs of folds
1. Vestibular fold 2. Vocal fold
26
The upper pair of folds also known as false vocal cord
Vestibular fold
27
The lower pair of fold also known as true vocal cord
Vocal fold
28
The opening over the true vocal cords
Glottis
29
Air coming from the lungs causes the vocal cords to
Vibrate and produce sounds
30
Pitch is controlled by
Tension on true vocal chords
31
The higher the tension?
The higher the pitch
32
Also called voice box
The larynx
33
Also called the windpipe
Trachea
34
Size of the trachea and where is it located
4.5 inch and located anterior to the esophagus
35
The epithelium of trachea is
pseudostratified, ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells that produce mucus, and basal cells.
36
Its smooth muscles and connective tissue are encircled by
Incomplete rings hyaline cartilage shaped like a stack of Cs.
37
The open part of the Cs faces
Esophagus and allow it to expand to the trachea when swallowing
38
The closed part of the Cs forms a solid support to prevent
Collapse of the tracheal wall
39
If a foreign object gets caught in the trachea
A cough reflex expels it
40
Right primary bronchi branches to right lung while
Left primary bronchi branches to the left lung
41
The primary bronchi branch into
Secondary or lobar bronchi that goes in the lobes of the lung
42
How many lobes does the right lung have
3
43
How many lobes does the left lung have
2
44
The secondary bronchi branch into
Tertiary or segmental bronchi which branch into segments of the lobes of the lungs
45
Tertiary or segmental bronchi branch into
Smaller branches called bronchioles
46
Bronchioles finally branch into the smallest branches called
Terminal bronchioles
47
The bronchi resembles a tree and its branches it is referred to as
Bronchial tree
48
Encloses and protects each lung
Pleural membranes
49
Pleural membrane is composed of two layers of serous membranes:
1. Parietal pleura (outer) 2. Visceral pleura (inner)
50
The pleural cavity contains a lubricating fluid to prevent
Friction as lungs expand and contract during breathing
51
The segment of lung tissue that each tertiary or segmental bronchi supplies is called a
Bronchopulmonary segment
52
Bronchioles are further divided into
2-11 alveolar ducts or atria
53
Around the circumference of the alveolar ducts are
Alveoli and Alveolar sacs
54
Grapelike out pouching of epithelium and elastic basement membrane surrounded externally by capillary network
Alveoli
55
Two or more alveoli that share a common opening
Alveolar sac
56
The microscopic membrane through which the respiratory gases move is
Alveolar-capillary (respiratory) membrane
57
The diaphragm is shaped like a?
Parachute
58
The thorax consists of how many ribs?
12 set of ribs
59
They are connected directly to the sternum through the costal cartilage
True ribs (1-7)
60
Are not directly connected to the sternum but connect indirectly to the rib above through the costal cartilage
False ribs (8-10)
61
They have no attachment to the sternum
Floating ribs (11-12)
62
A rigid but flexible structure that functions as both protection for the lungs and mechanical support for allowing the movements associated with ventilation
Thoracic cage
63
Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity. It aids in respiration by moving up and down
Diaphragm
64
Serves as the landmark for auscultation and palpation during physical assessment of lungs
The angle of Louis
65
Upper airway is composed of
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
66
Lower airway is composed of
Trachea, bronchi, Lungs
67
Transport gasses to the lower airways, it protects the lower airway from foreign matter. Also warms, filtrates and humidify inspired air.
Upper airway
68
Functions as clearance mechanism (cough, macrophages, lymphatic mucociliary system). It has also immunologic responses and pulmonary protection to injury
Lower airway
69
Controls respiratory centers
Central nervous system
70
The primary center
Medulla oblongata
71
The pneumotaxic and apneustic center
Pons
72
Breathing in causes
The chest to expand and the diaphragm to contract
73
Breathing out causes
The chest to contract and the diaphragm to relax
74
3 process of respiration
1. Ventilation or breathing 2. External respiration 3. Internal respiration
75
The movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
Ventilation or breathing
76
Two phases of ventilation
1. Inhalation or Inspiration - moves air into the lungs 2. Exhalation or Expiration - moves air out of the lungs
77
The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
External respiration
78
The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells
Internal respiration
79
Occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscle contract using decreased pressure and vacuum in the lungs
Breathing
80
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscle relax, we breath out, due to
Increased pressure in the lungs forcing the air out
81
Mainly passive activity
Breathing out
82
The partial pressure of Oxygen is
PO2= 160mmHg
83
Pressure of Carbon dioxide in air
PCO2= 0.3mmHG
84
Each gas diffuses between blood and its surrounding tissues from an area of high partial pressure to
An area of low partial pressure
85
The PCO2 in capillary blood is
45mmHg
86
PCO2 in the alveolar blood of the lungs
40mmHg
87
Carbon dioxide diffuses from
Blood to the lungs
88
The PO2 in capillary blood is
40mmHg
89
PO2 in the alveolar sacs of the lungs
104mmHg
90
Oxygen diffuses from the
Lungs into the blood cells
91
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood cell and
Oxygen diffuses from the blood cell into the tissue cell

MS (11 decks)

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