Reviewer #10 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Fluids and electrolyte balance ivolves composition and movement of
A
Body Fluids
2
Q
Body fluids are solutions composed of
A
Water and Solutes
3
Q
Body water refers to
A
Water alone
4
Q
Refers to the state of internal equilibrium within the body when all body systems are in balance
A
Homeostasis
5
Q
Liquids containing dissolved subtances
A
Solutions
6
Q
Liquid that contains a substance in a solution
A
Solvents
7
Q
Substances dissolved in a solution
A
Solutes
8
Q
Solutions are classified according to their
A
Concentration and Tonicity
9
Q
Solution which has less osmotic pressure externally as that found across the semi-permeable membrane within the cell
A
Isotonic solution
10
Q
Examples of Isotonic Solution
A
Normal Saline 0.9%
D5W
Lactated Ringers
Normosol R
11
Q
Body fluid is this type of solution
A
Isotonic Solution
12
Q
Solution which has less osmotic than that of blood serum causing cells to expand and swell
A
Hypotonic Solution
13
Q
Example of Hypotonic Solution
A
Sodium Chloride 0.45%
14
Q
Solution which has higher osmotic pressure than that of blood serum causing cells to shrink
A
Hypertonic Solution
15
Q
Examples of Hypertonic Solution
A
D5% in Saline
D10% in Saline
D5% in 1/2 strength saline
D20% in Water
16
Q
Body consists of
A
Lean tissue, Fat, and Water
17
Q
Lean portion are primarily
A
Muscle mass and has about 75% water
18
Q
Fat tissues is essential
A
ANHYDROUS (no water)
19
Q
In women, body water accounts for
A
45-50% of total body weight
20
Q
In men, body water accounts for
A
60% of total body weight
21
Q
In infant, body water accounts for
A
80% of total body weight
22
Q
Fluid within the cell
A
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
23
Q
All the fluids outside the cell wall
A
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
24
Q
Refers to fluid between or surrounds the cell
A
Interstitial Fluid
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Total blood volume represents about 8% of an adults body weight, (blood plasma serum) within the vessel
Intravascular Fluid
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Formed by cellular activity includes fluid in peritoneal, CSF, pleura, synovial fluids.
Transcellular Fluid
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Capability of a substance, molecule, or ion to diffuse through a membrane
Permeability
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Selective permeable (all membranes in the body allow some solutes to pass through the membrane without restriction but will prevent the passage of other solutes
Semipermeable
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Two main functions of water
1, Acts as a solvent for the essential nutrients so that they can be used by the body
2. Transport nutrients and oxygen from the blood to the cells and to remove waste material and other substances from the cells back to the blood so they can be excreted by the body
30
Water is needed by the body to
1. Give shape and form to the cells
2. Regulate body temperature
3. Act as a lubricant in joints
4. Cushion body organs
5. Maintain peak physical performance
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Positively charged electrolytes are called
Cations
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Major cations in body fluid are
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Hydrogen
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Negatively charged electrolytes are called
Anions
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Major anions in body fluid are
Chloride, Phosporus, and Bicarbonate
35
Functions of electrolyte
1, Promote neuromascular irritability
2. They maintain body fluid osmolarity
3. They regulate acib base balance
4. They regulate the distribution of body fluids among body fluid compartment
36
Major cation in ECF
Sodium
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Major cation in ICF
Potassium
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The chemical combining power of electrolytes is measured in
Milli equivalent (meq)
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Measurement of solute concentration in body fluid is based on the fluids
Osmotic Pressure
40
The physiological forces that affect the movement of body fluid through cell walls and capillaries
Movement of body fluids
41
Involve chemical activity and the release of energy
Active transport
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Do not involve chemical activity or use of energy
Passive transport
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Substance move from an higher area of concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
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Water molecules move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Osmosis
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Force a liquid exert on the sides of the container that holds it. The force of fluid presses outward against the blood vessel wall
Hydrostatic pressure
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Movement of fluid between the intravascular and interstitial compartment, based on the number of solute particles on the concentrated side and presence of a semipermeable membrane
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
47
Movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from an area with higher hydrostatic pressure to an area with lower hydrostatic pressure created an outward gain of fluid in the interstitial space
Filtration
48
The total daily intake of water is approximately
2500ml
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Intracellular dehydration stimulates the hypothalamus to initiate
Thirst sensation
50
Water is excreted throught the
Kidneys, Skin, Lungs, and GI Tract
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Losses that are through the urine
Sensible Losses
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Losses that include water, lost through the skin, respiratory system and GI Tract
Insensible Losses
53
Minimum sodium daily requirement
2g
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Normal serum sodium concentration in ECF
135-146 meq/L
55
Normal sodium concentration in the ICF
10 meq/L
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The kidneys mainly regulate Na balance through
Aldosterone Action
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Sodium excess are primarily eliminated by the?
Kidneys
58
Normal serum potassium concentration in the ECF
3.5-5.5 meq/L
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Normal potassium concentration in the ICF
150-155 meq/L
60
The average daily intake of potassium
60-100 meq/L
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Minimum potassium is about
10 meq/L
62
K must be ingested daily because
The body does not conserve it
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If the kidneys eliminate about 80% of ingested K, how many are lost in each liters of urine?
20-40 meq
64
How many potassium are lost in each liter of GI fluid?
5-10 meq
65
Aldosterone secretion leads to?
Renal NA absorption and K excretion
66
Most abundant electrolyte in the body?
Calcium
67
Major cation involved in the structure and function of teeth and bones
Calcium
68
Ca and P have an
Inverse Relationship
69
Normal serum Calcium concentration in the ECF
4.5-5 meq/L
70
Normal calcium concentration in the ICF
1-2 meq/L
71
Recommend dietary intake of Ca
800-1000 mg daily
72
Promotes calcium absorption
Vit D
73
Inhibits Calcium absorption
Phosphorus (P)
74
Major cations in the ICF, closely related to Ca and P
Magnesium (M)
75
Normal serum magnesium concentration in the ECF
1.5-2.5 meq/L
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Normal magnesium concentration in the ICF
27-29 meq/L
77
Mg levels in the body are largely controlled by the
Kidneys
78
The kidneys can conserve Mg efficiently, restricting losses to
1 meq/day
79
Major anion in the ECF
Chloride
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Normal serum chloride concentration in the ECF
96-106 meq/L
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Normal chloride concentration in the ICF
1-4 meq/L
82
Chloride deficits leads to
Potassium deficit and vice versa
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Decreased chloride levels result to
Increase HCO3
84
Major anion in the ICF
Phosphorus
85
Normal serum phosphorus concentration in the ECF
2.5-4.5 meq/L
86
Normal phosphorus concentration in the ICF
100 meq/L
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Phosphorus is regulated by the
PTH and activation of Vitamin D
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How much phosphorus is excreted in urine daily
600-900mg
89
Kidneys are primarily referred to as the
Master Chemist
90
How much plasma is filtered by the kidney and how much urine is excreted out
175 liters of plasma and 1.5 liters of urine
91
Responsible in pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body
Cardiovascular system
92
Regulates O2 and CO2 levels of the blood, important in maintaining acid balance
Lungs
93
Also known as the great Na conserver of the body
Pituitary gland
94
Maintains osmotic pressure of the cells by controlling renal water retention or excretion
ADH
95
Releases thyroxin, which increases bloodflow to the body
Thyroid gland
96
Secretes parathormone, which regulates the level of Ca in the ECF
Parathyroid gland
97
Absorbs water and nutrients that enter the body through this route
GI Tract
98
Acts as a switch board
Nervous system
99
The thirst center is located in the
Hypothalamus
100
Refers to the homeostasis of hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF
Acid - Base balance
101
Used to indicate hydrogen ion concentration of bodily fluids
Ph
102
Normal pH range in ECF
7.35 to 7.45
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Substance that donates hydrogen ions (Donor)
Acid
104
If hydrogen ions increase
The fluid becomes acidic
105
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (Acceptor)
Base
106
If hydrogen ions decrease
The fluid becomes alkaline
107
The bodys three main control system that regulates acid base balance to counter acidosis or alkalosis
1. The buffer systems
2. Respiration
3. Renal control of hydrogen ion concentration
108
Solution containing two or more chemical compounds that prevents marked changes in hydrogen ions concentration when either acid or base is added to a solution
Buffer System
109
Primary buffer system of the body
Carbonate system
110
The carbonate system is a mixture of
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
111
Helps to stabilize pH by combining reversibly with hydrogen ions
Bicarbonate system
112
Helps maintain acidbase balance by controlling the content of CO2 in the ECF
Respiratory buffer system
113
The carbon in foods is iodized by the oxygen to form
Carbon dioxide
114
If H2CO3 increases, kidney excrete more
Bicarbonate ions make urine more alkaline
115
If hydrogen ions increase the urine becomes
Acid
116
Carbonic acid excess, characterized by increased H ion concentration
Respiratory acidosis
117
Drugs that risk the patient for respi acidosis
Narcotics, Barbiturates, and Anesthetic agents
118
Carbonic acid deficit, characterized by decreased H ion concentration
Respiratory Alkalosis
119
Bicarbonate deficit, characterized by an increased H ion concentration
Metabolic Acidosis
120
2 categories of causes of the Metabolic acidosis
Loss of base and gain in metabolic acid
121
Respiration compensation response to metabolic acidosis, classified in increase in respiration and depth
Kussmaul's breathing
122
Bicarbonate Excess, Characterized by an increase loss of acid from the body or a gain in base.
Metabolic Alkalosis
