Rome's early law code (list of laws), adopted in 450 BC written law code that served as the basis for the Roman legal system(all free citizens had the right to protection of the law)

Rome Flashcards by N Q

Patrician

Wealthy landowners, aristocrats, very little of the population

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Republic

A type of government where certain citizens have the right to vote, and people elect leaders who make decisions for them (also called indirect democracy)

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Plebeian

Less wealthy, farmers, artisans, merchants, majority of population

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Consul

Chief executive position (like the President) of the Roman Republic; there were always two– one plebeian and one patrician (like the Sith, though Consuls aren’t evil)

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Praetor

Position in charge of civil law

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Senate

Legislative body of 300 Patricians that voted/made decisions for Rome; have the FORCE of law; ruled for life; influences state policy; advices consuls

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Where is Carthage?

Northern Africa

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What do the Romans do to destroy Carthage?

Salt the soil so that crops can’t grow

* burn buildings

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Mare Nostrum

The Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea; it means “our sea”

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Punic Wars

A series of three wars between Carthage and Rome; Rome wins and becomes the master of the Mediterranean

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Twelve Tables

Rome’s early law code (list of laws), adopted in 450 BC
written law code that served as the basis for the Roman legal system(all free citizens had the right to protection of the law)

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Carthage

A north African city state; Rome’s big en enemy; originally a Phoenician colony

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Hannibal

Carthaginian general; starts 2nd Punic war

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Periodization of the republic of Rome

Romans judge/divide history by Consuls

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centuriate assembly

Pass laws; citizen soldiers; makes laws; selects consuls; rule for life (patrician controlled)

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By 260….

Rome controlled the entire Italian peninsula south of the Po River

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How do we know about Carthage?

Archaeology, stories passed down from Roman/Greek sources (worry about bias here)

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How did the Romans build a navy?

Carthegian warship— studied it, took it apart, copied its style (reverse engineering)

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How did the Romans adapt their style of fighting to naval warfare?

turn naval into land warfare by using planks to connect ships to fight up close

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What was the worst defeat the Romans faced in the Second Punic War?

Cannae

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The tide didn’t turn against Hannibal until the Senate called up…

Scipio

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What was Scipio’s brilliant but risky plan?

Invade Carthage

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Were the 12 Tables harsh or lenient?

harsh

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What was a praetor’s job?

Interpret laws, judge

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If a new ruling worked, was it forgotten?

No, it was applied by successors (precedent), law grows

What was the largest body of Roman law?

jus civile or common law--- doesn't apply to non-Romans

What did the Romans do with the laws of conquered states?

Incorporated them into civil law= like Persians

Patrician males could

Vote and hold office

Plebeian males could

vote

Tribune

Elected Plebeian representatives who protected the plebeians from unfair acts of the patricians

Top:

Two consuls, in charge of the army and directed the government; ruled for one year; could not be re-elected for 10 years; could veto each other

Tribal assembly

Elects tributes and makes laws out first for just common people later for the whole republic (plebeian controlled)

Judicial Branch

Praetors (judges); 8 ruled for a year --- 6 govern provinces, 2 oversee criminal and civil courts

Dictator

* leader with absolute power to make laws and lead the army * chosen during times of crisis by the consul and elected by the Senate * served for 6 months

Greco-Roman culture

Mixture of Hellenistic, Greek, and Roman culture (Classical civilization)

Created...

Practical, realistic stone sculptures and mosaics

Mosaics

Designs made with pieces of stone, glass, and tile

Many paintings were preserved in...

Pompeii due to the ash from Mount Vesuvius

In time, the laws applied to _____________, _______ or _______

Everyone Rich Poor

______ until proven _______

Innocent | guilty

____________ rested with accuser

Burden of proof

Punished for ______ not _________

Actions | Thoughts

___________________ could be set aside

Unreasonable/unfair laws

Roman law formed the basis for

The legal systems in the USA and Europe

Virgil

Wrote the epic the AENEID which praised Rome and Roman virtues; said government was Rome's greatest achievement

Tacitus

Roman historian; he was concerned about Roman mortality

Latin

Official language of Rome; root of the Romance languages and English

Roman Architecture

* The Coliseum * Aqueducts--- brought water into cities and towns * Arch, dome, and concrete * Roads--- stretched throughout the empire and some are still in use today * our buildings were influenced by Roman architecture

Roman values

Discipline, strength, loyalty, and family

Oldest male

Head of family, controlled property, and had authority over all family members

Upper class women

Ran the household, could own property, testify in court but could not vote

Women attended...

Social activities (public baths, plays, festivals, and games)

Lower class women

Shopkeepers, weavers, waitresses, mid wives

_____ favored over ______

Boys | Girls

Girls were given the _______ of their father's name

Feminine form

Adults age at

Most wealthy boys went to...

school

Girls were taught at ______ and married between ______ to older men

Home | 12-15

Poor children

Had to work and were typically illiterate

Slaves were __ of the population; the strengthened the. _____________

1/3 | Roman economy

Slaves included _________________; mostly conquered people; treated cruelly and worked hard labor

Men, women, and children

Slaves could be ____ and ____, considered ____ of their owner

Bought Sold property

Strong, healthy males were forced to become ______ who fought to the death

gladiators

Gladiators

Professional fighters

Most in Republic/Empire are

Farmers

Currency

Bronze, gold, and silver coins | not a barter economy

Republican era coins called ____, often made of silver

denarii

Towards the end of the Imperial period (empire), more and more became ___

bronze

taxes

Paid in money and food

trade

Stretched as far as England and the Indian Ocean

____ and ___ were linked ; had to worship the gods in their homes and in public ceremonies

Religion | government

Had to worship the _______

Emperor

Rich had ________ while most people in Rome

Huge, expensive parties

Most people in the city were __________ by the government

Unemployed and supported

To distract and control the masses the government provided _____________________________

Free entertainment; gladiator contests; games; races; mock battles

triumvirate

A government of 3 people with equal power

imperator

Commander in chief, root of the word emperor

Crassus

Wealthy general, triumvirate member, dies fighting the Parthians

Pompey

Wealthy general, politician and triumvirate member

Julius Caesar

Wealthy general, politician, dictator, author, revenge fan. The man who turns Rome from a republic to an empire

Gap between _ and _ a problem

Rich | poor

latifundia problem

stole land from soldiers an 1/3 of the total population were slaves

Lots of ------- and -------- people since they could not complete with the large latifundias or repair the damage from Hannibal's army they sold their land (1/4 of population)

Jobless | homeless

Class tensions between ___________________ spurred the collapse of the republic

Soldiers, rich, and poor

latifundia

Huge farms/plantations

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Tribunes came up with reforms to limit the size of the latifundias and give land to the poor

The Senate opposed the _____ brothers; they were murdered

Gracchus

Rome erupted in civil war after the _________

Murder of the brothers

Politicians could have their own ____ loyal to them and not _____ (soldiers were promised land for their loyalty)

Armies | Rome

Caesar conquered all of ____; this made him popular with the Roman people

Gaul

_____ was scared that JC was too powerful; he convinced the senate to order him home and disband his army; Caesar refused; _______

Pompey | Civil war erupted

Caesar's troops defeated Pompey's and retuned to Rome; _________

Senate appointed him dictator for life

C: people in the provinces got _______

Citizenship

C: made Senate bigger with friends from _________

Italy, Gaul, and provinces

C: created ____ for the poor

Construction jobs

C: increased ___ for soldiers

pay

C: started _______ where people who had no land could own ___

Colonies | Land

C: many _______ were scared he had too much power; __________planned his assassination; killed in the Senate on (Ideas of March)

Nobles and senators Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius March 15 44BCE

Caesar died and _____ broke out

Civil war

3 of his supporters: ________ joined together and took control of Rome = 2nd triumvirate (10 years)

Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

Octavian

Caesar's grand nephew and adopted son

2nd triumvirate had a violent end

Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and he and Antony became rivals

Octavian accused Antony of trying to_________;______;____

Control Rom from Egypt Civil war Antony lost

Rome Flashcards

(103 cards)