Sac 2 (B5) Flashcards
(13 cards)
Definition of old public health
refers to the ways in which governments (federal, state and local) monitor, regulate and promote health and wellbeing, health status and prevent disease of entire communities and populations, not just individual patients.
2 - 3 reasons why public health was introduced
Poor living conditions ( bad quality + overcrowding common) contributed to the spread of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases (poor food safety)
Access to clean water and sanitation was minimal and little was known about good hygiene practices.
Waste littered the streets and which attracted rats and mice that carried diseases.
Access to safe water
People were given access to safe water to drink.
Proper sanitation and sewerage systems
Sewerage systems helps to keep human waste separated from water supplies, and garbage and waste were removed from the streets
Access to safe water impacts
Reduces the risk of contracting Infectious waterborne diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid and cholera
Improves life expectancy
Improves infant and child mortality rates
Proper sanitation and sewerage systems impacts
Infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, cholera and hepatitis were reduced
Improved infant and child mortality rates
Improved life expectancy
Improved nutrition examples
Food often transmitted diseases from bacteria, parasites, toxins and viruses due to poor hygiene and storage. The Pure Foods Act in 1905 brought about improvements in the safety and standards of food.
The School Milk Program, introduced after World War I, provided milk for school children.
Public health campaigns promoted the importance of food hygiene and the importance of fruit and vegetables.
Improved nutrition impacts
Reduction in stomach cancer
Improved nutrition increased resistance to infectious and respiratory diseases
Improved infant and child mortality rates
Improved life expectancy
Cancer diagnosis
An example is a needle biopsy, which is a thin needle inserted into an individual’s lung to extract tissue for testing.
Medical technology can also be used to treat lung cancer.
An example is surgery to remove cancerous cells, the most common one is a lobectomy which removes an entire lobe of one’s lung where the tumor is located.
Biomedical definition
The biomedical approach to health focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness; a medical model practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease.
CVD and biomedical (Diagnosis)
The introduction of the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope in 1910 enabled doctors to measure blood pressure
1941 new X-ray techniques enabled doctors to view the action of the heart using dye inserted into a blood vessel.
CVD and biomedical (Treatment) 3 only
In the mid-1950s, the heart–lung bypass machine allowed surgeons more time to undertake complicated heart procedures.
From 1967, surgery was being used to bypass obstructions in the coronary arteries -> relieve pain + improve an individual’s quality of life and decrease mortality
Improvements in drug therapies and CT scans that can create a 3D image of the arteries allow more precise treatment and potentially avoid invasive heart surgery.
Developments in 3D printing are exploring ways to create an artificial heart.
