Booklet 4

Question 1

The impact of smoking and vaping on health status in Australia (list examples)

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, prenatal and infant health outcomes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (c.o.p.d) , back pain and problems, increased risk of infection

Question 2

Smoking

Answer 2

Generally, relates to the use of tobacco but can also include marijuana and other drugs.

smoking rates have generally fallen

• number 1 preventable and
  modifiable risk factor
• second and third hand smoke issue
• rates for males and females similar

Question 3

Vaping

Answer 3

• use of e-cigarette
• chemicals similar to cigarettes –
  nicotine, formaldehyde – carcinogen

*significant increase in rates of
vaping

Question 5

Smoking and vaping on back pain and problems

Answer 5

Reduces blood flow to cells including those in spine -> The discs that protect the vertebrae have lower access to nutrients and oxygen
-> degradation and pain

Question 6

S & V on respiratory issues

Answer 6

(2018) lower respiratory infections – 405 deaths attributed to smoking

Exposure to tobacco in early life increases risk of developing asthma. This is mainly non-fatal
outcomes

Question 7

Cardiovascular disease to smoking

Answer 7

tobacco smoke -> reduces oxygen in blood -> contributing to increased blood pressure and heart rate

tobacco smoke -> speeds up process of atherosclerosis (build up of plaque in blood vessels) –> increases risk of heart attack & stroke –> higher mortality rates from these conditions

Question 8

Alcohol use on mental health

Answer 8

• alcohol use -> associated with greater risk of suicide and self-inflicted injuries

Question 9

Alcohol on prenatal infant health outcomes

Answer 9

alcohol consumption while pregnant – increases risk of premature birth, LBW and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders