SB3d Protein Synthesis

Question 1

genetic code?

Answer 1

order of DNA bases that causes amino acids to join in order to make a protein

Question 2

what happens in transcription? bases

Answer 2

DNA bases are used to make a strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3

transcription? IET

Answer 3

1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the beginning of a gene, called the promoter region.
2. Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule by adding nucleotides.
3. Termination: Transcription ends when RNA polymerase reaches a specific termination sequence on the DNA

Question 4

what do complementary RNA nucleotides contain and how do they join

Answer 4

uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine
A + U two hydrogen bonds
G + C three hydrogen bonds

Question 5

what do RNA nucleotides join together to make?

Answer 5

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 6

what is produced at the end of transcription?

Answer 6

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 7

which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to the DNA strand?​

Answer 7

RNA polymerase

Question 8

translation? IET

Answer 8

1. Initiation: The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA at the start codon and tRNA binds to the start codon.
2. Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain as it reads the codons in the mRNA.
3. Termination: Translation ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA. The polypeptide chain is released, and the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA

Question 9

what are the three bases moving along a mRNA strand at the same time called?

Answer 9

codon

Question 10

A gene’s template strand contains the sequence ATTTCCGGTAAA. Explain how many amino acids this sequence codes for. (2 marks)​

Answer 10

4 amino acids