Schumann

Question 1

What is a piano trio?

Answer 1

A piece of several movements for piano and two ohter instruments

Question 2

What type of music is it?

Answer 2

Chamber music

Question 3

What is chamber music?

Answer 3

Music for a chamber or room

Most likely for a patrons salon performance

Question 4

What are the four movements?

Answer 4

Allegro moderato
Scherzo
Andante
Allegretto

Question 5

Are the ranges normal for this musical era?

Answer 5

Yes but slightly larger

Question 6

How does the violin play?

Answer 6

Almost entirely arco and one note at a time

Question 7

How does the cello play?

Answer 7

Almost entirely pizz

Question 8

How does Clara add intensity?

Answer 8

Occasional double stopping

Question 9

Why is the piano part challenging?

Answer 9

unusually wide and outward stretches

Question 10

Describe the pedalling

Answer 10

It is rarely indicated but there are occasional special blurred effects

Question 11

How does Clara create blurring?

Answer 11

The pedal is held down to sustain one harmony against another

Question 12

What other texture is heard in the development?

Answer 12

Contrapuntal interest

Question 13

Where is the main melodic interest?

Answer 13

Generally alternates between the violin and right hand piano

Question 14

Do the strings ever rest?

Answer 14

yes - simultaneously

Question 15

What does the violin present?

Answer 15

a melody with piano accompaniment

Question 16

How does the cello alter the pianos bass line?

Answer 16

It provides an ornamented or simplified version

Question 17

How does the cello strengthen the melody?

Answer 17

Doubling the violin at an octave

Question 18

How does the piano create textual contrast?

Answer 18

Broken chord accompaniment
Offbeat chords
FF chords with octaves
Left hand octaves

Question 19

How does Clara use dynamics to add emotional intensity?

Answer 19

Plentiful crescendos and diminuendos

Question 20

How does she underline harmonically intense chords?

Answer 20

With sf and fp

Question 21

What is the structure of movement 1?

Answer 21

Sonata form

Question 22

What three components make up a Sonata?

Answer 22

Exposition - exposes main subjects
Development - manipulation of ideas
Recapitulation - recaps exposition and coda

Question 23

What is the tonic key?

Answer 23

Gm

Question 24

How many subjects are there?

Answer 24

2, each with sub-sections

1a, 1b, 1c, 1d - 2a,2b

Question 25

What other keys were suggested?

Answer 25

Ab and D major, Cm, Eb, Bb, Gm

Question 26

What is the principle key of the development?

Answer 26

Cm

Question 27

What is surprising about the tonality of the recapitulation?

Answer 27

Second subject is in the tonic major. Normally the recapitulation is all in the tonic

Question 28

What type of phrasing does Schummann use?

Answer 28

Periodic phrasing

Question 29

How is the climatic top G approached in phrase 2?

Answer 29

With a strong upward leap of an octave

Question 30

What is balanced well?

Answer 30

ascending/descending movement and stepwise movement/leaps

Question 31

What type of phrasing does Schumann use?

Answer 31

Periodic phrasing

Question 32

What type of harmony is used?

Answer 32

Functional

Question 33

How does Clara define the key?

Answer 33

Reliance on chords 1 and 4

Question 34

How does Clara represent the Romantic harmony style?

Answer 34

Use of triads and 7th chords in root position

Question 35

How does she vary the harmony?

Answer 35

Frequent chromatic chords Striking dissonances Prepared suspensions Unprepared appoggiaturas

Question 36

What adds to the dark atmosphere?

Answer 36

diminshed 7th chords

Question 37

What indicates a dark/emotional scenario?

Answer 37

chromatic descent in diatonic descant

Question 38

What is the tempo marking?

Answer 38

Allegro moderato

Question 39

What highlights tonal surprise?

Answer 39

poco rit

Question 40

What is the metre?

Answer 40

4/4 throughout

Question 41

What note values are used?

Answer 41

Quaver movement semiquavers follow dotted quavers no triplets

Question 42

Trio 2 context

Answer 42

Brahms Late Romantic (more typical) Chamber

Question 43

Trio 2 melody

Answer 43

``` Regular phrases Repeated Mostly in strings and horn Fragments Dialogue Virtuosic Sequences ```

Question 44

Trio 2 Tonality

Answer 44

Keys more adventurous Eb major Bbmajor, Db major (unrelated)

Question 45

Trio 2 sonority

Answer 45

``` Violin Horn - melancholy Piano Low range Double stopping Violin range increases ```

Question 46

Trio 2 structure

Answer 46

Free rondo | Fragmentary

Question 47

Trio 2 texture

Answer 47

Homophonic | Imitation

Question 48

Trio 2 harmony

Answer 48

``` More adventurous Chromatic - passionate Bb7, Bb7, Bb7c, Bb7, Ebmajor 2nd inv. Romantic Octaves Bb, Abm, Gb, Db, Gb - rich/romantic ```

Question 49

Trio 2 tempo/metre/rhythm

Answer 49

Simple and repetitive Triplets Lots of changes of time sig. cross-rhythms

Question 50

Chopin raindrop prelude

Answer 50

``` 1839 sostenuto with lots of rubato ternary sustain pedal Db major Enharmonic change to C sharp minor Chromatic notes Crescendos Inverted pedal perfect cadences ```

Question 51

Comparisons

Answer 51

``` Brahms trio 2 Chopin raindrop prelude Mozart piano sonata in Bb Brahms piano quintet in Fm Beethoven piano trio No.7 Brahms piano trio No.5 in Cm Schumann, trio No.1 ```

Question 52

context

Answer 52

Clara 1819-1896 born in Leipzig daughter of piano teacher Friedrich Weick married Robert Scumann Completed a 3 movement piano concerto at 15 'queen of the piano' - first to give solo recitals and perform from memory