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7th Grade Trimesters > Science Comprehensive > Flashcards

Science Comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

kilometer:

A

1000 meters

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2
Q

bacteria:

A

microscopic organisms

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3
Q

Solution:

A

when one substance is mixed uniformly throughout another substance, and remains uniformly mixed

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4
Q

diffusion:

A

where particles move to an area where less of them are

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5
Q

mitosis allows:

A

growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells

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6
Q

herbivore;

A

eats only plants

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7
Q

what type of symmetry does a sponge have?

A

radial

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8
Q

gestation period:

A

the time inside a placenta

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9
Q

arthropod:

A

organisms with bilateral symmetry, and an exoskeleton

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10
Q

active transport:

A

using energy to bring large particles into a cell that cannot pass through the cell membrane

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11
Q

cellulose:

A

fibrous material that makes up plant cell walls

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12
Q

saprophytes:

A

use dead organisms as food and energy sources; thus recycling nutrients

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13
Q

sauerkraut and pickles are foods that need _____ help

A

bacterial

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14
Q

viruses are often carried through the ___

A

air

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15
Q

what is the smallest part of a molecular compound?

A

a molecule

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16
Q

selectively permeable:

A

A selectively permeable cell membrane is one that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport

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17
Q

anther:

A

the bud on the stamen

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18
Q

mutation:

A

any permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism

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19
Q

endoplasmic reticulum:

A

network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

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20
Q

What type of vitamins do bacteria produce?

A

vitamin K

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21
Q

Peat comes from decomposed ________ ______

A

plant material

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22
Q

what happens in meiosis II?

A

the nuclei divides and chromatids separate, producing four cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original nucleus

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23
Q

Do seed plants have rhizoids?

A

no

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24
Q

Bacteria grow in large containers called _______ that use products such as medicine

A

bioreactors

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25
Q

metabolism:

A

the total chemical reactions in an organism

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26
Q

cartilage:

A

a material that is covered by our ears and nose

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27
Q

exoskeleton:

A

rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.

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28
Q

ovary:

A

the swolen base of the pistil

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29
Q

ribosomes:

A

things that make proteins for cell activity

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30
Q

diploid:

A

what human body cells are, because they have 23 pairs of similar chromosomes

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31
Q

vacuoles:

A

membrane-bound temporary storage spaces

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32
Q

omnivore:

A

eats both plants and animals

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33
Q

organelle:

A

structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

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34
Q

annelid:

A

segmented worms with setae to hold on to soil and move; bilateral symmetry

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35
Q

neutrons give off _____ _____

A

no charge

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36
Q

_____ are microscopic living cells

A

Bacteria

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37
Q

Where do bacteria live?

A

almost everywhere, even in conditions like underground, springs with hot temperature, and acidic water

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38
Q

variable:

A

something that can change

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39
Q

A tulip is a monocot or dicot?

A

monocot

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40
Q

Before a cell divides, the DNA duplicates by…

A

unwinding and separating it’s sides, then each side becoming a pattern on which a new side forms

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41
Q

sex-linked disorder:

A

some conditions that result from inheriting a sex-linked gene

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42
Q

what does photosynthesis produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and sugar

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43
Q

the smallest unit of life that carries all functions is?

A

a cell

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44
Q

Chordate:

A

have four characteristics; a notochord, postanal tail, and pharyngeal pouches

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45
Q

Proteins:

A

the building blocks of many structures

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46
Q

Bacteria shapes:

A

cocci (sphere)bacilli (rod) spirilla (spiral)

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47
Q

Ion:

A

an electrically charged atom

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48
Q

Much of our oxygen is produced by…

A

algae

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49
Q

sori:

A

fern spores located on fronds

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50
Q

biogenesis:

A

the belief that living things came from nonliving things

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51
Q

an animal cell has a _____ shape

A

circular

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52
Q

cytoskeleton:

A

scaffolding like structure in cytoplasm which helps cell keep it’s shape

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53
Q

slime mold grows on…

A

rotten vegetables

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54
Q

what are DNA sides made of?

A

sugar-phosphate molecules

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55
Q

The major function of leaves is to…

A

make food

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56
Q

a positive ion is an ion that has lost ___ electron

A

one

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57
Q

cones:

A

structures that produce gymnosperm seeds

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58
Q

Each of our cells in our body, except sex cells has a nucleus with chromosomes

A

46

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59
Q

mammary glands:

A

glands that produce milk

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60
Q

what type of fish make the majority of fish?

A

bony

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61
Q

the cell theory(3):

A

the basic unit of life is a cellall organisms are composed of 1+ cellsnew cells form old cells through division

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62
Q

Suspension:

A

forms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly spread like salad dressing

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63
Q

to start a viral infection, the virus and host cell must…

A

fit together exactly

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64
Q

Steps for scientific method: (List)

A

State the problemGather informationForm a hypothesisTest the hypothesisAnalyze DataMake ConclusionsReport Results

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65
Q

What group of fungi has no sexual reproduction been observed?

A

imperfect fungi

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66
Q

pores:

A

openings in the body of a sponge

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67
Q

fertilization:

A

the joining of an egg and sperm

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68
Q

free-living organism:

A

an organism that doesn’t rely on any other organisms

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69
Q

The body of a fungi is usually a mass of threadlike tubes called _______

A

hyphae

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70
Q

lichen:

A

2+ organisms living together appearing to be 1 organism

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71
Q

dichotomous key:

A

tool used to identify organisms; detailed list of organisms

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72
Q

during endocytosis, a vesicle is formed from a piece of…

A

cell membrane

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73
Q

animals with radial symmetry usually live…

A

in water

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74
Q

lysosomes:

A

an organelle in eukaryotic cells that break down food molecules

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75
Q

sperm is formed in the ___eggs in the ______

A

male, female

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76
Q

guard cell:

A

the object that surrounds the stoma and open and close it

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77
Q

electrons give off a _____ charge

A

negative

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78
Q

As human males go through development, like beard growing, this is an example of ________

A

development

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79
Q

Molecules form when atoms share ______

A

electrons

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80
Q

Eubacteria:

A

a diverse group of bacteria which is larger group

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81
Q

closed circulatory system:

A

blood system with closed blood

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82
Q

spicules:

A

sharp pointed structures contained in spongin

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83
Q

Penicilium:

A

imperfect fungi that is used as an antibiotic; similar to bacteria

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84
Q

Back when Earth started, it’s gaseous atmosphere lacked _____ _____

A

free oxygen

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85
Q

eye spot:

A

detects light

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86
Q

water:

A

made of hydrogen and oxygen, most important to most organisms

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87
Q

inorganic compound:

A

An inorganic compound is a compound that is considered not “organic”

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88
Q

human blood phenotypes:

A

the blood types, ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘O’ which AB are dominant over O

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89
Q

chloroplast:

A

pigments found in plant cells

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90
Q

roundworms are also known as ______

A

nematodes

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91
Q

nitrogen-fixing bacteria:

A

bacteria that change air and make it consumable for other organisms

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92
Q

phylogeny:

A

the evolutionary history of an organism

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93
Q

tissue:

A

a group of similar cells working together

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94
Q

pseudopod:

A

temporary cytoplasm extension used by amoebas

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95
Q

cytoplasm:

A

a gelatin-like substance inside a cell membrane

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96
Q

gene:

A

sections of DNA on a chromosome

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97
Q

smallest categoration classification:

A

species

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98
Q

overabundance of cyanobacteria causes a _____ which can be harmful to aquatic life

A

bloom

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99
Q

medusa:

A

a bell shaped cnidarian

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100
Q

human blood genotypes:

A

someone with O type must have OO

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101
Q

Protists can be animal, fungus, and ______ like

A

fungus

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102
Q

amino acids:

A

the small molecules making up proteins

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103
Q

RNA:

A

code carrier for making proteins that directs the order in which amino acids bond

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104
Q

nonvascular plants are divided into…

A

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

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105
Q

Vaccines are made from damaged or _____ bacterial cells

A

dead

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106
Q

vaccine:

A

used to prevent diseases; they are made from weakened virus particles

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107
Q

______ ______ is used to solve problems in science

A

scientific method

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108
Q

Xylem:

A

tissue made of tubular vessels that transport water and minerals UP a plant

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109
Q

pure breeding:

A

organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits

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110
Q

what does respiration produce?

A

water and oxygen (used in Photosynthesis)

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111
Q

genetics:

A

the study of how traits are passed on

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112
Q

carnivore:

A

only feeds on animal material

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113
Q

_______ are a byproduct of fermentation

A

carbohydrates (food)

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114
Q

what happens in meiosis I?

A

the nucleus divides and produces two new cells with one duplicated chromosome

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115
Q

SI Units:

A

meters kilograms seconds

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116
Q

organism:

A

any living thing

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117
Q

______ is found in chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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118
Q

stinging cells:

A

capsules with coiled trigger-like structures typically located at the end of a cnidarians’ tentacles

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119
Q

nucleic acids:

A

large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells

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120
Q

genotype:

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

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121
Q

Gregor Mendel was known as…

A

the father of genetics

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122
Q

List Earth’s early gases:

A

AmmoniaHydrogenMethaneWater Vapor

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123
Q

Water moves through a sponge in ____ and out of the top of ____

A

pores, tubes

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124
Q

the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A

an organelle

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125
Q

Vaccines:

A

can PREVENT some bacterial infections

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126
Q

things like paper can be made from ________

A

gymnosperms

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127
Q

scientific law:

A

a statement about something in nature that has been seen to be consistently true

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128
Q

Enzymes:

A

the proteins that regulate the rate if chemical reactions in cells, typically speeding up the reactions

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129
Q

nonvascular plants reproduce using ______, not seeds

A

spores

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130
Q

scientific names are used to…

A

avoid mistakes and be descriptive

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131
Q

in animal cells, the cell membrane does what in division of the cytoplasm?

A

the cell membrane pinches in the middle and the cytoplasm divides

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132
Q

in plant cells, during division of the cytoplasm, what forms?

A

a cell plate

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133
Q

mitosis:

A

process in which nucleus divide to form 2 nuclei

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134
Q

DNA stands for:

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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135
Q

antibiotic:

A

a medicine that halts bacteria growth

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136
Q

endocytosis:

A

when materials are wrapped by the cell membrane

137
Q

Moss plants are held in place by _______

A

rhizoids

138
Q

passive transport:

A

the movement of materials without energy

139
Q

fins:

A

objects attached to the ENDOSKELETON on a fish

140
Q

ectotherm:

A

organisms that are cold blooded

141
Q

stomata:

A

small openings in the epidermis

142
Q

dicots:

A

flowering plants with 2 cotyledons in their seeds

143
Q

Euglena:

A

a protist, that is an algae, /w both animal and plant like qualities while moving with flagella

144
Q

pathogens:

A

bacteria that cause disease

145
Q

Zygote fungi produce reproductive cells in cases called ________

A

sporangiam

146
Q

fission:

A

asexual reproduction of bacteria

147
Q

hibernation:

A

inactivity in the cold months

148
Q

what type of algae grows in the deepest water?

A

red

149
Q

collar cell:

A

cells with flagella that line sponges

150
Q

control:

A

the standard used to compare with the outcome of an experiment

151
Q

nucleus:

A

contains instructions for everything cell does even dna

152
Q

heredity:

A

the passing of traits from parent to child

153
Q

sexual reproduction:

A

two sex cells, egg and sperm come together

154
Q

PMAT: (pairs, middle, apart, two)

A

Pro, Meta, Ano, and Telo Phase

155
Q

homo sapien:

A

the only existing human form today (us)

156
Q

hybrid:

A

receives different genetic information for a trait

157
Q

ovule:

A

the place where eggs are produced

158
Q

eukaryotic cells:

A

cells contain membrane bound internal structures

159
Q

appendages:

A

jointed structures of arthopods

160
Q

cuticle:

A

the waxy protective layer on a plant

161
Q

filament:

A

the rod of a stamen

162
Q

some lichens can be a ____ _____ for animals

A

food source

163
Q

matter:

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

164
Q

stamen:

A

the male reproductive organ in a flower

165
Q

Gymnosperms produce ______

A

seeds

166
Q

_____ use a pseudopod to move through their environment to obtain food

A

Amoebas

167
Q

what theory replaced spontaneous generations?

A

biogenesis

168
Q

Organic Compounds:

A

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

169
Q

detrivore:

A

eats dead organisms

170
Q

bread mold:

A

zygote fungus found on bread

171
Q

excotysosis:

A

when materials are released out of a cell

172
Q

sessile:

A

remaining in one place in an organism’s life

173
Q

contour feathers:

A

give birds their colouring and smooth shape; used for flight

174
Q

mushroom:

A

a club fungi consumed by many humans

175
Q

spontaneous generation:

A

the theory that living things can come only from non-living things

176
Q

Prophase:

A

when pairs of chromosomes become visible

177
Q

haploid:

A

what human sex cells are, because they have 23 single chromosomes

178
Q

scientific theory:

A

an explanation of things or events based on knowledge

179
Q

cellular respiration:

A

cellular reaction that breaks down food molecules into simpler substances, with the need of enzymes

180
Q

guard cells open and close the ___

A

stomata

181
Q

cells are composed of ______

A

cellulose

182
Q

protist:

A

eukaryotic one or many celled organism which lives in a most and/or wet environent that contain chlorophyll or others animal-like

183
Q

Telophase:

A

when a cell completes mitosis and splits into 2

184
Q

alleles:

A

the different forms of a trait that a gene may have

185
Q

hermaphrodite:

A

produce egg and sperm in the same body

186
Q

Bacteria are ______ since they don’t have a nucleus or membrane-bound structures

A

prokaryotic

187
Q

polyp:

A

shaped like a vase and sessile (usually)

188
Q

plants use _______ to produce food

A

photosynthesis

189
Q

Once vaccines are enabled, they enable ______ blood cells to recognize bacteria and attack it

A

white

190
Q

All protists are _____

A

eukaryotic

191
Q

when a cow eats grass, what is he doing scientifically?

A

taking in energy

192
Q

what does a nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons

193
Q

yeast makes bread rise due to _______ ________ in fermentation

A

carbon dioxide

194
Q

homeostasis:

A

maintaining the proper conditions inside the organism

195
Q

dominant allele ____ up the recessive one, which is behind

A

covers

196
Q

response:

A

the reaction to a stimulus

197
Q

genus:

A

a rank used in animal classification

198
Q

golgi bodies:

A

move substances out of a cell or to other parts of a cell

199
Q

viruses can make copies of themselves by living in a ____ ___

A

host cell

200
Q

living things respond to a _____

A

stimulus

201
Q

ferns and horsetails are examples of…

A

seedless vascular plants

202
Q

fruits:

A

structures produced by angiosperms to protect and disperse seeds

203
Q

chromosome:

A

structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material

204
Q

pistil:

A

the female reproductive organ in a flower

205
Q

pioneer species:

A

first to grow in newly or disturbed areas

206
Q

organ system:

A

a group of organs working together to do something

207
Q

amniotic egg:

A

the fluid filled sac enclosed by a leathery shell that houses developing reptilian embryos

208
Q

bilateral symmetry:

A

symmetry split in 2 exact parts

209
Q

pollination:

A

the transfer of pollen grains to the female part of the plant

210
Q

invertebrate:

A

an animal without a backbone

211
Q

cell membranes are _____ permeable

A

selectively

212
Q

______ producing bacteria can digest wastes and provide a source of fuel

A

methane

213
Q

protozoa:

A

animal like protists

214
Q

Nonvascular plants use ______ to anchor them

A

rhizoids

215
Q

Ions of ____ charges attract one another to form electricity

A

opposite

216
Q

gymnosperms:

A

vascular plants that produce seeds without flowers or fruit

217
Q

endotherm:

A

organisms that are warm blooded

218
Q

How can sponges reproduce?

A

sexually and asexually

219
Q

ascus:

A

sac like fungi that produce spores of sac fungi

220
Q

classification:

A

organism organization into 6 kingdoms

221
Q

mycorrhizae:

A

network of hyphae

222
Q

hunting at night is an example of _____ _______

A

behavioural adaptations

223
Q

Chlorophyll:

A

a pigment that captures light

224
Q

gizzard:

A

a muscular, thick-walled part of a bird’s stomach for grinding food, typically with grit.

225
Q

bacteria can be used to clean up environmental pollution via:

A

bioremediation

226
Q

down feathers:

A

feathers that provide birds with an insulating layer

227
Q

scales:

A

objects on fish to protect the body

228
Q

cellular respiration is completed in the ____________

A

mitochondria

229
Q

heterozygous:

A

an organism with two alleles that are different

230
Q

the cells of a _____ ______ have the most chlorophyll in them

A

palisade layer

231
Q

Amoebas move the same way do

A

slime molds

232
Q

exocytosis:

A

contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

233
Q

nonvascular plant:

A

a plant without tube structures that has xylem and phloem

234
Q

Metaphase:

A

the process of pairs of chromatids separating

235
Q

diffusion stops when ________ is reached

A

equilibrium

236
Q

who developed bionomial nomenclature?

A

Linnaeus

237
Q

what type of transport is exocytosis?

A

passive

238
Q

what gives a cell it’s shape?

A

a cell wall

239
Q

incomplete dominance:

A

when the offspring of two homozygous parents show an intermediate phenotype

240
Q

Toxins:

A

poisons that are made by pathogens

241
Q

photosynthesis’ source is:

A

the sun

242
Q

lichens are not in a _____ _____

A

reproductive structure

243
Q

Anaphase:

A

when each centromere divides and pairs of chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell

244
Q

anaerobes:

A

do not need oxygen

245
Q

yeast:

A

a fungus that makes bread rise

246
Q

Cyanobacteria:

A

produce their on food, commonly called blue-green; but some may be other colours

247
Q

homozygous:

A

an organism with two alleles that are the same

248
Q

virus:

A

a nonliving strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

249
Q

Mixture:

A

combination of substances in which individual substances keep their properties

250
Q

genetic material is composed of _____ _____

A

nucleic acids

251
Q

compound light microscope:

A

commonly used microscope with eyepiece and objective lenses

252
Q

what cell forms during fertilization?

A

zygote

253
Q

central nervous system:

A

a system in an organ system with the brain being a very important organ

254
Q

elements are made of how many kinds of atoms?

A

1

255
Q

what is the outer covering of a cell?

A

cell membrane

256
Q

fronds:

A

the leaves of a fern

257
Q

scientific hypothesis:

A

a statement written as a prediction that can be tested, but may not have been observed yet

258
Q

angiosperms:

A

all plants with flowers

259
Q

Compound:

A

a molecular and iconic structure made of 2+ elements in exact proportions

260
Q

the first and largest category in the classification system of organisms is:

A

kingdom

261
Q

polygenic inheritance:

A

when a group of gene pairs act to make a trait

262
Q

fermentation:

A

a replacement of cellular respiration to release glucose molecules

263
Q

binary fission:

A

when an organism with no nucleus dividing into two identical organisms

264
Q

molecular compound:

A

a compound formed when atoms share their counterparts

265
Q

sepal:

A

the parts of a plant that form the flower bud

266
Q

aerobes:

A

use oxygen during respiration

267
Q

respiration uses ______

A

oxygen

268
Q

flagella:

A

whiplike tails to help bacteria move

269
Q

human sex cells:

A

very low quantity cells with 23 chromosomes

270
Q

Most bacteria are helpful or harmful?

A

helpful

271
Q

color-blindness:

A

a sex-linked disorder common in boys

272
Q

Lipids:

A

store and release large amounts of energy

273
Q

green organelles in plant cells contain ________ to make food

A

chloroplasts

274
Q

to find the atomic number for a substance, what do you use?

A

Periodic Table of Elements

275
Q

protons give off a _______ charge

A

positive

276
Q

who made a DNA model in 1953?

A

Watson and Crick

277
Q

Bacteria are used in _____ products

A

dairy

278
Q

the central vacuole can store what?

A

water in a plant

279
Q

Roots (can/cannot/sometimes/NEVER EVER EVER) make food

A

NEVER EVER EVER (cannot)

280
Q

asymmetrical:

A

no definite body plan

281
Q

Some pathogens form thick walls called _________ when environmental conditions re unfavourable; so they can survive for long periods of time

A

endospores

282
Q

what is matter made of?

A

atoms

283
Q

phenotype:

A

the way an organism looks as a result of it’s genotype

284
Q

what are DNA rungs made of?

A

nitrogen bases

285
Q

scientists determine the likelihood of an animal being a carnivore by examining the _____

A

teeth

286
Q

basidium:

A

club shaped fungi

287
Q

sex-linked gene:

A

an allele on a sex chromosome

288
Q

spore:

A

reproductive cell of a fungi

289
Q

dormant virus:

A

a virus that hides in the host cell w/o destroying it

290
Q

Punnett Square:

A

a tool used to predict genetics

291
Q

budding:

A

a small, exact copy of the adult grows from the body of the parent

292
Q

Athlete’s foot is caused by…

A

fungi

293
Q

interphase:

A

the resting phase between meiosis

294
Q

a plant cell has a ____ shape

A

squarish

295
Q

Diatom:

A

an alga with a gold-brown pigments that secrets a glass-box

296
Q

all worms are

A

invertebrates

297
Q

Where do plants evolve from?

A

green algae

298
Q

regeneration:

A

a whole new organism grows from each piece of the parent

299
Q

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are _______ compounds

A

inorganic

300
Q

diffusion of water via a cell membrane is…

A

osmosis

301
Q

petal:

A

the colourful part of a flower

302
Q

asexual reproduction:

A

a new organism formed from one parent

303
Q

gram:

A

mass measurement

304
Q

mitochondria:

A

the powerhouse of a cell; releases energy stored in food

305
Q

Where do archaebacteria grow?

A

in extreme conditions and are divided into groups based on where they life; salty, hot, acidic environments

306
Q

energy can hold ____ or break it apart

A

matter

307
Q

latent virus:

A

an inactive stage of a virus

308
Q

Cilia:

A

short, threadlike structures extending from the cell membrane

309
Q

some anaerobic groups produce ______ gas

A

methane

310
Q

everything around us is made of ______ and ______

A

matter and energy

311
Q

meiosis:

A

a process that produces haploid sex cells and ensures offspring have the same diploid as it’s parent

312
Q

prokaryotic cells:

A

cells lacking membrane bound internal structures

313
Q

vascular plant:

A

a plant with tube structures

314
Q

what type of symmetry do echinoderms have?

A

radial

315
Q

electron microscope:

A

an SEM sweeps a beam over the specimen causing light to be emitted

316
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

the process in which plants make sugar

317
Q

Pine trees are _______

A

gymnosperms

318
Q

the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood make up your ________ system

A

cardiovascular

319
Q

all cnidarians have ______ symmetry

A

radial

320
Q

tapeworms are parasites hat obtain energy from materials that they…

A

absorb through their skin

321
Q

what is DNA’s structure?

A

a twisted ladder

322
Q

Protozoans are divided by how they ________

A

move

323
Q

Algae:

A

plant-like protists

324
Q

What type of cells do plants have?

A

eukaryotic

325
Q

how many legs does an arachnid have?

A

8

326
Q

______ can be woody or harbaceous

A

stems

327
Q

Cambium:

A

produces Xylem and Phloem

328
Q

Protozoa do ___ contain chloroplasts

A

not

329
Q

active virus:

A

a virus that make the host cell produce new viruses, killing the host cell

330
Q

bacteria are ___ than plant or animal cells

A

smaller

331
Q

monocot:

A

a flowering plant with leaf vessels running parallel to the leaves’ edges

332
Q

stigma:

A

a sticky place where pollen lands

333
Q

Compounds without carbon are…

A

inorganic

334
Q

binomial nomenclature:

A

a system used by modern scientists to name organisms

335
Q

vertebrate:

A

with a backbone

336
Q

the 2 divisions of the nucleus result in _ sex cells

A

4

337
Q

tentacles:

A

used to bring food to an organism’s mouth

338
Q

liter:

A

an SI unit

339
Q

DNA:

A

a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function

7th Grade Trimesters (15 decks)

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