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7th Grade Trimesters > Science Trimester 1 > Flashcards

Science Trimester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Back when Earth started, it’s gaseous atmosphere lacked _____ _____

A

free oxygen

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2
Q

organism:

A

any living thing

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3
Q

As human males go through development, like beard growing, this is an example of ________

A

development

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4
Q

scientific law:

A

a statement about something in nature that has been seen to be consistently true

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5
Q

spontaneous generation:

A

the theory that living things can come only from non-living things

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6
Q

biogenesis:

A

the belief that living things came from nonliving things

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7
Q

______ ______ is used to solve problems in science

A

scientific method

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8
Q

what theory replaced spontaneous generations?

A

biogenesis

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9
Q

the smallest unit of life that carries all functions is?

A

a cell

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10
Q

when a cow eats grass, what is he doing scientifically?

A

taking in energy

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11
Q

control:

A

the standard used to compare with the outcome of an experiment

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12
Q

phylogeny:

A

the evolutionary history of an organism

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13
Q

living things respond to a _____

A

stimulus

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14
Q

scientific hypothesis:

A

a statement written as a prediction that can be tested, but may not have been observed yet

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15
Q

who developed bionomial nomenclature?

A

Linnaeus

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16
Q

the first and largest category in the classification system of organisms is:

A

kingdom

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17
Q

Steps for scientific method: (List)

A 
State the problem
Gather information
Form a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
Analyze Data
Make Conclusions
Report Results
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18
Q

homeostasis:

A

maintaining the proper conditions inside the organism

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19
Q

scientific theory:

A

an explanation of things or events based on knowledge

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20
Q

List Earth’s early gases:

A

Ammonia
Hydrogen
Methane
Water Vapor

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21
Q

smallest categoration classification:

A

species

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22
Q

scientific names are used to…

A

avoid mistakes and be descriptive

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23
Q

variable:

A

something that can change

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24
Q

eukaryotic cells:

A

cells contain membrane bound internal structures

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25
Q

prokaryotic cells:

A

cells lacking membrane bound internal structures

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26
Q

what is the outer covering of a cell?

A

cell membrane

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27
Q

cells are composed of ______

A

cellulose

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28
Q

what gives a cell it’s shape?

A

a cell wall

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29
Q

cytoplasm:

A

a gelatin-like substance inside a cell membrane

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30
Q

cytoskeleton:

A

scaffolding like structure in cytoplasm which helps cell keep it’s shape

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31
Q

nucleus:

A

contains instructions for everything cell does even dna

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32
Q

ribosomes:

A

things that make proteins for cell activity

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33
Q

green organelles in plant cells contain ________ to make food

A

chloroplasts

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34
Q

tissue:

A

a group of similar cells working together

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35
Q

golgi bodies:

A

move substances out of a cell or to other parts of a cell

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36
Q

vacuoles:

A

membrane-bound temporary storage spaces

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37
Q

lysosomes:

A

break down food molecules

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38
Q

the cell theory(3):

A

the basic unit of life is a cell
all organisms are composed of 1+ cells
new cells form old cells through division

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39
Q

virus:

A

a nonliving strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

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40
Q

viruses can make copies of themselves by living in a ____ ___

A

host cell

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41
Q

active virus:

A

a virus that make the host cell produce new viruses, killing the host cell

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42
Q

dormant virus:

A

a virus that hides in the host cell w/o destroying it

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43
Q

viruses are often carried through the ___

A

air

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44
Q

to start a viral infection, the virus and host cell must…

A

fit together exactly

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45
Q

What type of cells do plants have?

A

eukaryotic

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46
Q

central nervous system:

A

a system in an organ system with the brain being a very important organ

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47
Q

______ is found in chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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48
Q

mitochondria:

A

the powerhouse of a cell; releases energy stored in food

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49
Q

the central vacuole can store what?

A

water in a plant

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50
Q

the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A

an organelle

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51
Q

the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood make up your ________ system

A

cardiovascular

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52
Q

a plant cell has a ____ shape

A

squarish

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53
Q

an animal cell has a _____ shape

A

circular

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54
Q

everything around us is made of ______ and ______

A

matter and energy

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55
Q

matter:

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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56
Q

what is matter made of?

A

atoms

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57
Q

energy can hold ____ or break it apart

A

matter

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58
Q

what does a nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons

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59
Q

elements are made of how many kinds of atoms?

A

1

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60
Q

Compound:

A

a molecular and iconic structure made of 2+ elements in exact proportions

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61
Q

what is the smallest part of a molecular compound?

A

a molecule

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62
Q

Molecules form when atoms share ______

A

electrons

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63
Q

Ion:

A

an electrically charged atom

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64
Q

Ions of ____ charges attract one another to form electricity

A

opposite

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65
Q

Mixture:

A

combination of substances in which individual substances keep their properties

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66
Q

Solution:

A

when one substance is mixed uniformly throughout another substance, and remains uniformly mixed

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67
Q

Suspension:

A

forms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly spread like salad dressing

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68
Q

Organic Compounds:

A

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

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69
Q

Lipids:

A

store and release large amounts of energy

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70
Q

Proteins:

A

the building blocks of many structures

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71
Q

to find the atomic number for a substance, what do you use?

A

Periodic Table of Elements

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72
Q

Compounds without carbon are…

A

inorganic

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73
Q

electrons give off a _____ charge

A

negative

74
Q

protons give off a _______ charge

A

positive

75
Q

neutrons give off _____ _____

A

no charge

76
Q

Enzymes:

A

the proteins that regulate the rate if chemical reactions in cells, typically speeding up the reactions

77
Q

amino acids:

A

the small molecules making up proteins

78
Q

plants use _______ to produce food

A

photosynthesis

79
Q

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are _______ compounds

A

inorganic

80
Q

diffusion stops when ________ is reached

A

equilibrium

81
Q

metabolism:

A

the total chemical reactions in an organism

82
Q

excotysosis:

A

when materials are released out of a cell

83
Q

endocytosis:

A

when materials are wrapped by the cell membrane

84
Q

genetic material is composed of _____ _____

A

nucleic acids

85
Q

cell membranes are _____ permeable

A

selectively

86
Q

passive transport:

A

the movement of materials without energy

87
Q

diffusion of water via a cell membrane is…

A

osmosis

88
Q

photosynthesis’ source is:

A

the sun

89
Q

active transport:

A

using energy to bring large particles into a cell that cannot pass through the cell membrane

90
Q

cellular respiration is completed in the ____________

A

mitochondria

91
Q

_______ are a byproduct of fermentation

A

carbohydrates (food)

92
Q

during endocytosis, a vesicle is formed from a piece of…

A

cell membrane

93
Q

what type of transport is exocytosis?

A

passive

94
Q

respiration uses ______

A

oxygen

95
Q

yeast makes bread rise due to _______ ________ in fermentation

A

carbon dioxide

96
Q

what does photosynthesis produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and sugar

97
Q

what does respiration produce?

A

water and oxygen (used in Photosynthesis)

98
Q

a positive ion is an ion that has lost ___ electron

A

one

99
Q

mitosis:

A

process in which nucleus divide to form 2 nuclei

100
Q

chromosome:

A

structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material

101
Q

Prophase:

A

when pairs of chromosomes become visible

102
Q

PMAT: (pairs, middle, apart, two)

A

Pro, Meta, Ano, and Telo Phase

103
Q

Metaphase:

A

pairs of chromatids separate

104
Q

Anaphase:

A

when each centromere divides and pairs of chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell

105
Q

in plant cells, during division of the cytoplasm, what forms?

A

a cell plate

106
Q

in animal cells, the cell membrane does what in division of the cytoplasm?

A

the cell membrane pinches in the middle and the cytoplasm divides

107
Q

Each of our cells in our body, except sex cells has a nucleus with chromosomes

A

46

108
Q

mitosis allows:

A

growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells

109
Q

asexual reproduction:

A

a new organism formed from one parent

110
Q

binary fission:

A

when an organism with no nucleus dividing into two identical organisms

111
Q

budding:

A

a small, exact copy of the adult grows from the body of the parent

112
Q

regeneration:

A

a whole new organism grows from each piece of the parent

113
Q

sexual reproduction:

A

two sex cells, egg and sperm come together

114
Q

fertilization:

A

the joining of an egg and sperm

115
Q

sperm is formed in the ___

eggs in the ______

A

male, female

116
Q

what cell forms during fertilization?

A

zygote

117
Q

haploid:

A

what human sex cells are, because they have 23 single chromosomes

118
Q

diploid:

A

what human body cells are, because they have 23 pairs of similar chromosomes

119
Q

meiosis:

A

a process that produces haploid sex cells and ensures offspring have the same diploid as it’s parent

120
Q

what happens in meiosis I?

A

the nucleus divides and produces two new cells with one duplicated chromosome

121
Q

what happens in meiosis II?

A

the nuclei divides and chromatids separate, producing four cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original nucleus

122
Q

DNA stands for:

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

123
Q

DNA:

A

a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function

124
Q

who made a DNA model in 1953?

A

Watson and Crick

125
Q

what is DNA’s structure?

A

a twisted ladder

126
Q

what are DNA rungs made of?

A

nitrogen bases

127
Q

what are DNA sides made of?

A

sugar-phosphate molecules

128
Q

Before a cell divides, the DNA duplicates by…

A

unwinding and separating it’s sides, then each side becoming a pattern on which a new side forms

129
Q

gene:

A

sections of DNA on a chromosome

130
Q

mutation:

A

any permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism

131
Q

RNA:

A

code carrier for making proteins that directs the order in which amino acids bond

132
Q

heredity:

A

the passing of traits from parent to

133
Q

alleles:

A

the different forms of a trait that a gene may have

134
Q

Gregor Mendel was known as…

A

the father of genetics

135
Q

hybrid:

A

receives different genetic information for a trait

136
Q

dominant allele ____ up the recessive one, which is behind

A

covers

137
Q

genotype:

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

138
Q

homozygous:

A

an organism with two alleles that are the same

139
Q

heterozygous:

A

an organism with two alleles that are different

140
Q

phenotype:

A

the way an organism looks as a result of it’s genotype

141
Q

bacteria:

A

microscopic organisms

142
Q

binomial nomenclature:

A

a system used by modern scientists to name organisms

143
Q

cellular respiration:

A

cellular reaction that breaks down food molecules into simpler substances, with the need of enzymes

144
Q

chloroplast:

A

pigments found in plant cells

145
Q

classification:

A

organism organization into 6 kingdoms

146
Q

color-blindness:

A

a sex-linked disorder common in boys

147
Q

compound light microscope:

A

commonly used microscope with eyepiece and objective lenses

148
Q

dichotomous key:

A

tool used to identify organisms; detailed list of organisms

149
Q

diffusion:

A

where particles move to an area where less of them are

150
Q

electron microscope:

A

an SEM sweeps a beam over the specimen causing light to be emitted

151
Q

fermentation:

A

a replacement of cellular respiration to release glucose molecules

152
Q

genetics:

A

the study of how traits are passed on

153
Q

genus:

A

a rank used in animal classification

154
Q

water:

A

made of hydrogen and oxygen, most important to most organisms

155
Q

interphase:

A

the resting phase between meiosis

156
Q

incomplete dominance:

A

when the offspring of two homozygous parents show an intermediate phenotype

157
Q

inorganic compound:

A

An inorganic compound is a compound that is considered not “organic”

158
Q

polygenic inheritance:

A

when a group of gene pairs act to make a trait

159
Q

kilometer:

A

1000 meters

160
Q

SI Units:

A

meters
kilograms
seconds

161
Q

vaccine:

A

used to prevent diseases; they are made from weakened virus particles

162
Q

selectively permeable:

A

A selectively permeable cell membrane is one that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport

163
Q

latent virus:

A

an inactive stage of a virus

164
Q

liter:

A

an SI unit

165
Q

gram:

A

mass measurement

166
Q

organelle:

A

structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

167
Q

organ system:

A

a group of organs working together to do something

168
Q

human sex cells:

A

very low quantity cells with 23 chromosomes

169
Q

the 2 divisions of the nucleus result in _ sex cells

A

4

170
Q

sex-linked gene:

A

an allele on a sex chromosome

171
Q

sex-linked disorder:

A

some conditions that result from inheriting a sex-linked gene

172
Q

human blood phenotypes:

A

the blood types, ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘O’ which AB are dominant over O

173
Q

human blood genotypes:

A

someone with O type must have OO

174
Q

Punnett Square:

A

a tool used to predict genetics

175
Q

pure breeding:

A

organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits

176
Q

response:

A

the reaction to a stimulus

177
Q

molecular compound:

A

a compound formed when atoms share their counterparts

178
Q

nucleic acids:

A

large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells

179
Q

homo sapien:

A

the only existing human form today (us)

180
Q

Telophase:

A

when a cell completes mitosis and splits into 2

7th Grade Trimesters (15 decks)

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