Scope Management

Question 1

Project scope

Answer 1

Work the project will do to deliver the product of the project; it encompasses the product scope.

Work performed to deliver a product service or result within the specified features and functions

Example: the orient scope will be a new train terminal that meets these technical specifications plus all the work needed to deliver the train terminal ( planning coordination and management activities )

Question 2

Product Scope

Answer 2

Features and functions that characterize a product of a project; product deliverables with their associated features and functions

Example: on a project to build a new train terminal the product scope is a new train terminal that meets these technical specifications

Question 3

Scope management process

Answer 3

Develop a plan for how you will plan manage and control scope and requirements
Determine requirements
Sort and balance the needs of the stakeholders
Create a WBS to break the scope into smaller pieces
Measure scope performance
Obtain validation that the completed scope of work is acceptable to the customer

Question 4

Requirements management plan

Answer 4

Plan before you do

Describe the methods you intend to use to identify requirements and how you will analyze prioritize and manage and track changes to them

Question 5

Collect requirements

Answer 5

Gathering more detailed input on what’s required and any related assumptions, expectations from all stakeholders

Techniques:
Reviewing historical records
Interviews 
Focus groups 
Facilitated workshops 
Brainstorming 
Nominal group technique 
Multi-criteria decision analysis 
Mind maps 
Affinity diagrams 
Questionnaires and surveys 
Observation
Prototypes 
Benchmarking 
Context diagrams 
Group decision making

Question 6

Reviewing historical records

Answer 6

Indicate what the requirements were on similar projects and help identify relevant processes and expectations

May provide Data about reporting requirements, project management requirements etc

Question 7

Interviews

Answer 7

Expert interviews

Interviews stakeholders to elicit their requirements for a specific element of the product or project work

Question 8

Focus groups

Answer 8

Helps to get a specific set of stakeholders or subject matter experts opinions and requirements for the product or aspect of the project

Selected from a specific demographic group of customers

Question 9

Facilitated workshops

Answer 9

Bring together stakeholders with different perspectives to talk about the product and define requirements

Question 10

Brainstorming

Answer 10

Encourage participants to build on each other’s ideas might be good to include people from different perspectives and backgrounds

Question 11

Nominal group technique

Answer 11

Meeting participants rank the most useful ideas generated during a brainstorming session

Question 12

Multi-criteria decision analysis

Answer 12

Stakeholders quantify requirements using a decision matrix based on factors such as expected risk levels, time estimates and cost / benefit estimates

Question 13

Mind maps

Answer 13

Diagram of idea or notes to help generate classify or record information… Looks like several trees coming out of a core word

Question 14

Affinity diagrams

Answer 14

Ideas generated from other requirements gathering techniques are grouped by similarities and is then given a title

Question 15

Questionnaire and surveys

Answer 15

Used for large groups and questions are asked to elicit requirements from respondents

Question 16

Observation

Answer 16

Involves job shadowing watching a potential user or the product at work and sometimes participating to identify requirements

Question 17

Prototypes

Answer 17

Model of the proposed product and presented to stakeholders for feedback

Question 18

Benchmarking

Answer 18

Look at what the competitors are doing.. Measuring performance against that of another organization

Question 19

Context diagrams

Answer 19

Shows the boundaries of the product scope by highlighting the product and its interfaces with people processes and systems

Question 20

Group decision making

Answer 20

Delphi technique - a request for information is sent to experts who participate anonymously

Majority approach - if more than half of the participants support a decision

Dictatorship approach - one person makes the decision

Question 21

Requirements documentation

Answer 21

After requirements have been collected and finalized they are documented

Question 22

Balancing stakeholder requirements

Answer 22

Making sure the requirements can be met within the project objectives and involves prioritizing requirements and resolving immediate conflicts between them

Question 23

Requirements traceability matrix

Answer 23

Helps link requirements to ensure the strategic goals are accomplished and requirement attributes ( ID number, source, status) also need to be documented

Question 24

Define scope

Answer 24

What is and what isn’t included in the project and its deliverables; iterative process PM needs to ensure scope meets the schedule and other project restraints before work begins

Question 25

Product analysis

Answer 25

Analyze the objectives and description of the product stated by the consumer or sponsor and turn them into tangible deliverables; PM may need to determine and define deliverables as part of the project rather than receiving them

Question 26

Project scope statement

Answer 26

Primary output of define scope process ``` Here is what we will do on the project Here is the approved project scope and what is excluded Deliverables Acceptance criteria Assumptions and constraints ```

Question 27

WBS

Answer 27

Shows all the scope on the project broken down into manageable deliverables; Allows you to breakdown a project into pieces you can plan organize manage and control Is a required element in project management Without it elements may slip through the cracks Is easier for the project team to look at than a list Is deliverables oriented and includes nouns rather than actions Graphical picture of the hierarchy of the project Should exist for every project Can be reused for other projects Does not show dependencies

Question 28

Control account

Answer 28

Tool that allows for the aggregation and analysis of work performance data regarding costs schedule and scope

Question 29

Decomposition vs WBS

Answer 29

Decomposition is what you are doing and the WBS is the means to do it

Question 30

WBS dictionary

Answer 30

Provides a description of the work to be done for each WBS work package and prevents scope creep

Question 31

Scope baseline

Answer 31

Is the version of the WBS, WBS dictionary and project scope stamens approved at the end of planning before work begins

Question 32

Validate scope

Answer 32

Planned meetings with the customer or sponsor to gain formal acceptance of deliverables during the project monitoring and controlling Can be done at the end of each project phase Can be done throughout monitoring and controlling phase Formal acceptance of deliverables by the customer

Question 33

Control scope

Answer 33

Measuring and assessing work performance data against the scope baseline and managing scope baseline changes

Question 34

Scope management plan

Answer 34

How the scope will be planned managed and controlled - how to achieve scope - what tools to use to plan how the project will accomplish scope - how to create the WBS - what enterprise environmental factors and org process assets come into plan - how scope will be managed and controlled - how to obtain acceptance of deliverables