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Step 1 > SECRETS Immuno - Basics > Flashcards

SECRETS Immuno - Basics Flashcards

1
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow = B & T
thymus = T
fetal liver

where lymphocytes mature

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2
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

appendix
tonsils
peyer’s patches

mature lymphocytes respond to antigens on APCs

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3
Q

innate immunity

A

first line of defense

nonspecific

PRRs –> recognize PAMPs

prevent microbes from entering
destroy/limit growth

neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, NK cells

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4
Q

adaptive immunity

A

B, plasma cells
helper T, cytotoxic T cells
specific, memory

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5
Q

bridge from innate – adaptive

A

dendritic cells

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6
Q

cell mediate immunity

A

helper t Cells
vs virus, fungi, mycobacteria

type IV hypersensitivity, tumor destruction, graft rejection

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7
Q

MHC class I

A

all nucleated cells
interact with CD8+ T cells –> destruction

display nonself peptides that have been processed intracellularly

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8
Q

MHC class II

A

APCs = dendritic cells, macrophages, memory b cells
interact with CD4+ T cells –> upregulate Th cytokine production –> macrophage activation, plasma cell proliferation

display exogenous nonself peptides obtained via phatocytosis, endocytosis

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9
Q

ADCC

A

bing IgG to Fcy receptors

destruction via phagocytes or NK cells

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10
Q

IgA

A

mucosal immunity

poor activator of complement

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11
Q

IgD

A

on mature B cells

unclear role

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12
Q

IgE

A

on tissue mast cells and blood basophils
mediate type I hypersensitivity
parasitic killing via ADCC

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13
Q

IgG

A 
in blood, crosses placenta
longest half life
ligand for Fc receptors
activate classical complement pathway
most abundant Ig in secondary immune response
highest affinity (strength)
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14
Q

IgM

A

in blood, pentamers
activate classical complement pathway
earliest Ab produced
most abundant Ig in primary immune response
highest avidity (number of binding sites)

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15
Q

neutrophil chemotaxis

A

IL-8
C5a
LTB4

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16
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

A

overproduce anaphylatoxins –> recurrent angioedema

contraindication for ACEi

17
Q

C2 or C4 deficiency

A

resemble autoimmune disease, usually asx

C2 is most common deficiency, assoc with septicemia (strep pneumo)

18
Q

C3 deficiency

A

reduced opsonization –> recurrent pyogenic infections

type III hypersensitivity = decreased immune complex clearance

19
Q

C5-8 deficiency

A

no MAC
increased risk of neisseria infections

MAC can kill most unenapsulated gram neg organisms

20
Q

DAF deficiency

A

increased complement mediated hemolysis

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria

21
Q

macrophage

A

CD14+CD16+
CD40+

phagocytosis

APC to T cells

secrete IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-a

22
Q

eosinophil

A

phagocytic
parasitic organisms
extremely basic proteins in granules

23
Q

basophil

A

nonphagocytic
allergic response
release histamine, IgE on surface

24
Q

mast cell

A

allergic response, similar to basophil

release histamine, FcE on surface

25
Q

helper T cell

A

CD4+
activated by foreign antigen on MHC II
regulate fxn of other immune cells

26
Q

TH1

A

induced by IL-12

secrete IFN-y –> activate macrophages & TH1, suppress TH2, kill intracellular pathogens
IL-2 –> activate CTLs & propagate response, T cell proliferation

27
Q

TH2

A

induced by IL-4

secrete IL-4 --> promote IgE & IgG class switch & B cells to plasma cells
IL-5 --> promote eosinophil prolif, aid IgA class switch
IL-10 --> anti-inflammatory
28
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

CD8+
direct cell killing
MHC I

perforins, granzymes, IFN-y, TNF-B, FasL

29
Q

B cell

A

CD19+CD20+

diff into plasma cells
release antibodies

APC for Th cells (MHC II)

30
Q

NK cells

A

CD16+

large granular lymphocyte
lyse virally infected cells (ADCC) and tumor cells with less MHC I

perforins, granzymes, IFN-y, TNF-a

31
Q

secreted by T cells

A

IL-3

hematopoietic stem cell diff into myeloid progenitors

32
Q

macrophage cytokines

A 
TNF-a = acute phase, responsible for septic shock and cachexia
IL-1 = acute phase, fever
IL-6 = acute phase, fever
IL-8 = neutrophil chemotaxis
IL-12 = TH1 cell diff, NK activation

Step 1 (47 decks)

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