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Step 1 > UWORLD random 3/18 > Flashcards

UWORLD random 3/18 Flashcards

1
Q

location of rRNA transcription

A

nucleolus

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2
Q

% values that lie within 1 standard deviation…

within 2?

within 3?

A

68%

95%

99.7%

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3
Q

___ composes most of the right side of cardiac silhouette

A

right atrium

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4
Q

consolidation in RML can obscure x-ray silhouette of…

A

right heart border

mostly right atrium

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5
Q

sydenham chorea

A

acute rheumatic fever

non-rhythmic movements of hands, feet, face

sudden changes in voice pitch and volume

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6
Q

erythema marginatum

A

erythematous, circular lesions with central clearing on trunk and extremities

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7
Q

acute rheumatic fever

A

immune-mediated disease following untreated Group A strep

molecular mimcry against M protein & N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine –> myosin, lysoganglioside

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8
Q

length constant

A

measure of how far along an axon an electrical impulse can propagate

myelination = ++

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9
Q

langerhans cells

A

dendritic cell in skin and mucous membranes

APCs

myeloid cell line

Birbeck granules

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10
Q

Birbeck granules

A

characteristic racquet-shaped intracytoplasmic granules

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11
Q

desmopression tx in bleeding

A

mild hemophilia & type 1 vWF disease

increase circulating FVIII & endothelial secretion of vWF to stop bleeding

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12
Q

GDP –> GTP in TCA cycle

A

succinyl-CoA –> succinate

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13
Q

oxaloacetate –> PEP

A

requires GTP

PEP carboxykinase

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14
Q

blunt aortic injury

A

MV accidents

injury at aortic isthmus which is immobile compared to adjacent decending aorta

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15
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)

A

most common disorder of heme synthesis

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency
(late step)

photosensitivity, blisters, edema, pruritis, pain, erythema

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16
Q

cardiac tamponade sx

A

hypotension
tachycardia
JVD with clear lungs
pulsus paradoxus

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17
Q

postpartum depression timeline

A

5-10 days after delivery = postpartum blues

2-4 weeks = postpartum depression

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18
Q

absence of CD18 antigens

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

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19
Q

LAD

A

recurrent skin, mucosal infections
periodontal disease
lack of purulence
impaired wound healing, with late separation of umbilical cord

persistent leukocytosis

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20
Q

sertoli cells secrete…

A

AMH

21
Q

leydig cells secrete…

A

testosterone

22
Q

absence of Sertoli cells only

A

internal female + male

external male

23
Q

isosorbide dinitrate pharmacokinetics

A

high 1st pass metabolism

requires higher dosing

24
Q

twisting injury or blow to lateral knee while foot is planted

A

MCL injury

valgus stress injury

25
Q

MCL injury

A

laxity of knee or medial joint line

test via gentle press against lateral knee while lower leg is kept stationary

26
Q

heteroplasmy

A

diff mitochondrial genomes within a single cell

27
Q

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

A

neuromuscular lesions
ragged skeletal muscle fibers
lactic acidosis

28
Q

epiglottitis

A

H flu type B

swollen, red epiglottis (“thumbprint sign”), inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, severe agitation

29
Q

major virulence factor of H flu B

A

polysaccharide capsule

polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)
protects against phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis
30
Q

PCOS tx

A

weight loss
oral contraceptives

tx infertility - clomiphene = selective estrogen receptor modulator

31
Q

major depressive disorder tx

A

SSRI

block serotonin transporter

32
Q

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate

A

enzyme = PFK-2
+ by insulin

+ glycolysis (+PFK1)
- gluconeogenesis (- fructose 1,6 bisphosphetase)

  • ala –> glucose
33
Q

cephalosporins MOA

A

irreversible binding to PBPs (transpeptidases)

34
Q

cephalosporin resistance

A

alter PB protein structure

35
Q

superior vena cava syndrome

A

facial edema, plethora, venous distension distal to obstruction, tumor obstructing SVC
cerebral edema, ICP, dilated collateral veins

lung cancer
non-hodgkin lymphoma

36
Q

lactose intolerance

A
  • pH stool
    + breath hydrogen content
    + stool osmolality

2/2 infection, inflammation

37
Q

irreversible inhibitor COX-1 & COX-2 via acetylation

A

aspirin

38
Q

myocyte ischemia electrolyte changes

A

+ intracellular Na, Ca
+ intramitochondrial Ca
- K

due to ion pump failure (Na/K)

cellular swelling

39
Q

dx liver functionality

A

prothromin time, bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol

40
Q

dx structural integrity & cellular intactness of liver

A

transaminases

41
Q

dx biliary tract

A

alk phos

y-glutamyl transferase (more specific)

42
Q

normal alveolar pO2

A

104

between trachea 150 and venous blood 40

43
Q

normal alveolar pCO2

A

40

between tracheal 0 and venous blood 45

44
Q

equilibrium of O2 & CO2 limitation

A

perfusion limited

45
Q

diffusion limited O2 equilibrium

A

emphysema
pulmonary fibrosis

exercise

46
Q

AIN

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity or cell mediated (IV) rxn

renal interstitium

interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration

+ eosinophils
eosinophiluria

47
Q

erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

EPO

tx anemia of chronic kidney disease

48
Q

ESA ADRs

A

thromboembolic events
+ blood viscosity

hypertension

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