sectgion 2 - design concepts by braxy

Question 1

The aspect of human behavior in which people need to lay claim to the spaces they occupy and the things they own is called…

Answer 1

Territoriality (More related to the need for self-identity and freedom of choice)

Question 2

Basing design decisions on creditible research that links one or more environmental elements with a desired outcome is?

Answer 2

Evidence Based Design (EBD)

Question 3

When 2 or more details or finishes may not be compatible with each other, considering the design intent of the space, this is known as….

Answer 3

Cue inconsistency

Question 4

The theory that humans innately perceive things as a whole so that what is percieved is complete and comprehensible is known as?

Answer 4

Gestalt Psychology (people actively add structure to what they see rather than just reacting to it)

Question 5

What 2 influences affect the ideas we have about the status and hierarchy an offices or homes location or size?

Answer 5

Social and Cultural Influences

Question 6

Which architect responded to the human desire for connection with the earth and natural forms?

Answer 6

Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 7

What are the main types of perceptual constancies?

Answer 7

*Shape constancy * Size constancy * Lightness constancy * Color constancy

Question 8

Proxemics was created by

Answer 8

Edward T. Hall (an anthropologist)

Question 9

What painting technique works to create the illusion of depth?

Answer 9

Trompe l’oiel

Question 10

What is negative space?

Answer 10

The “ground” around an object

Question 11

When humans are faced with incomplete information or an incomplete form we tend to add information to make sense of what we see. What principle of Gestalt psychology are we using?

Answer 11

Closure (form constancy)

Question 12

What are the four pricinciples of grouping?

Answer 12

Proximity, Similarity, Direction, & Context

Question 13

Observations and theories about how people use space is …

Answer 13

Proxemics

Question 14

When more distant objects appear to be hazy and may even change color what perception is implied?

Answer 14

Atmoshperic perspective

Question 15

What is a useful concept for studying the effects of the environment on human activity?

Answer 15

Behavior settings - a particular place with definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time. (i.e. weekly meeting held in the same conference room.)

Question 16

What is simplicity?

Answer 16

when people prefer the simplest, most stable organization of forms or the overall structure of elements in the visual field rather than complex individual parts.

Question 17

The idea that a design should reflect a geographical area is an example of…

Answer 17

Regionalism

Question 18

What is the design theory that bases current design on ideas and styles of the past?

Answer 18

Historic Precedent

Question 19

An individuals location or position within the environment can communicate…..

Answer 19

Status

Question 20

If a person expects a space to look a certain way based on their “idea” of what that space should look like, that is an example of…

Answer 20

Symbolism

Question 21

The difference in what a human’s two eyes can see is called?

Answer 21

Binocular Disparity

Question 22

A way to direct design based on a system of beliefs or philosophy..

Answer 22

Design Theory

Question 23

What is the concept of “grouping”?

Answer 23

Grouping states that humans percieve separate units in the visual field as a group.

Question 24

What are the 4 proxemics distances?

Answer 24

1. Intimate distance (0”-18”)
2. Personal distance (18” to 4’)
3. Social distance (4’ to 12’)
4. Public space (12’ plus)

Question 25

What are the 6 perceptual elements that allows artists to give depth to two dimensional paintings??

Answer 25

1. Interposition 2. Linear perspective 3. Atmosphereic perspective 4. Texture perspective 5. Size clues 6. Relative closeness of objects to the horizon line

Question 26

A row of filing cabinets dividing two workspaces is provides...

Answer 26

Territorality

Question 27

Binocular disparity is most prevalent at distances under about...

Answer 27

10 feet

Question 28

Objects closest together are seen as belonging together, which grouping principle is occuring?

Answer 28

Proximity

Question 29

Examples of growth needs are...

Answer 29

Self-actualization, defined as developing to one's full potential. Feeling an appreciation of life and demonstrating the ability to have real experiences.

Question 30

When the brain groups objects together by shape, size, or color we are grouping by...

Answer 30

Similarity

Question 31

Dieficiency needs are the most basic needs. These include...

Answer 31

Basic level: food, water, minimal body comforts, Group 2: safety, avoid violence Group 3: belonging and love. Top Level: self-esteem, need to achieve, be competent, gain approval

Question 32

Which depth perception element is created when parallel lines appear to recede toward a single point in the distance?

Answer 32

Linear perspective

Question 33

The way a person distinguishes a form from its surroundings whether two or three dimensional elements is...

Answer 33

Figure-ground

Question 34

What are some principles of Gestalt's psychology?

Answer 34

Grouping, Closure, Continuity, Simplicity, and Figure-ground

Question 35

Though environmental design research has its problems with accurately adopting to a theory of design, what 2 concepts are useful in most situations?

Answer 35

Territorality and Personal Space

Question 36

Who founded Gestalt Psychology?

Answer 36

Max Wertheimer

Question 37

Objects beig grouped based on _______ or past experience is one of the main tenets of Gestalt Pshchology.

Answer 37

content

Question 38

Maslow later added 3 more needs to the growth group. What were they?

Answer 38

The cognative need to know and understand The aesthetic need for order and beauty. The need of self-transcendence (help others & find self-fulfillment)

Question 39

What theory focuses on the interaction between humans and their environments?

Answer 39

Environmental Design Research

Question 40

A way territorality manifests is in..

Answer 40

Personalization (arranging an environment to reflect ones presence and uniqueness)

Question 41

When a distant object may appear to be overlapped and partly hidden by a closer object it is known as....

Answer 41

Interposition

Question 42

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states humans have a variety of needs. They are divided into 2 groups, what are the 2 groups...

Answer 42

1. Deficiency Needs 2. Growth Needs

Question 43

What are the main social and cultural beliefs that influence interior design?

Answer 43

1. Political conditions 2. Economic conditions 3. Cultural attitudes 4. Symbolism 5. Regionalism

Question 44

The tendency to see a line or shape as continuing in a particular direction rather that making a sharp turn is...

Answer 44

Continuity

Question 45

Objects percieved to be moving simultaneously in the same __________ are seen as a group.

Answer 45

direction

Question 46

The way people position themselves in a space depends on their...

Answer 46

Culture

Question 47

The ability to observe an object regardless of changes in lighting, angle of view or depth is called...

Answer 47

Perceptual constancy

Question 48

What are the 3 table seating groups?

Answer 48

Intimate position Competition position Avoidance position

Question 49

The theory of human motivations based on a hierarchy of needs was proposed by?

Answer 49

Abraham Maslow (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)

Question 50

What is it called when an objects color changes depending on the background color?

Answer 50

Simultaneous Contrast