Section 1 (Exam 1)

Question 1

What is Physiology

Answer 1

the study of how living organisms function

Question 2

what is the purpose of physiology

Answer 2

to understand the body

Question 3

pathophysiology

Answer 3

physiology gone wrong

Question 4

____ and ____ are the pillars of human health understandng

Answer 4

structure and function

Question 5

Homeostasis is defined as

Answer 5

constant internal environment that is a prerequisite for good health

Question 6

Homeostasis is a stable process (T/F)

Answer 6

false, homeostasis is a dynamic process that is constantly balancing itself

fluctuates within a predictable and narrow range

Question 7

normal value of a physiological variable is called its ________

Answer 7

set point

Question 8

What is meant by dynamic constancy?

Answer 8

varies short term, stable long-term

Question 9

Negative Feed backloop is

Answer 9

an increase or decrease in something to obtain the opposite reaction of what was happening

ex) Citrate/ ATP with phosphofructokinase
G-6-P with hexokinase etc

Question 10

Positive Feedback loop

Answer 10

initial change in a particular variable leads to an EXPLOSION

Question 11

Feedforward regulation

Answer 11

changes in regulated variables are anticipated and PREPARD FOR

Question 12

What are some common components of negative feedback?

Answer 12

some way to measure the regulated variable (receptor)

Some way to alter (effect) the regulated variable (effector)

Question 13

What is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 13

blood clotting

Question 14

What is an example of feedforward regulation?`

Answer 14

smelling food = induce saliva in mouth to prepare for food to enter (start digestive system)

Question 15

Which of the feedback systems is least likely to contribute to homeostasis?

Answer 15

positive (its a never ending explosion in one direction= the complete opposite of homeostasis)

Question 16

What are some functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 16

regulate passage of substances
detect chemical messengers
link cells together
anchor cells to tissues

Question 17

Water is a (polar/nonpolar) molecule?

Answer 17

polar molecule

Question 18

In each water molecule electrons are _____bonded

Answer 18

covalently bonded with 2 hydrogen atoms

hydrogen atoms are free to form hydrogen bonds

Question 19

t/f water is a great solvent for ions

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Water can only dissolve _______

Answer 20

polar properties

Question 21

water can not dissolve _____

Answer 21

non-polar (fats and oils)

Question 22

hydrophobic

Answer 22

water hating

Question 23

hydrophilic

Answer 23

water loving

Question 24

amphipathic

Answer 24

contains both hydrophobic and hydrophillic portions

creates clusters or (membranes)

Question 25

1 layer of amphipathic molecules is a

Answer 25

micelle

Question 26

what is an example of a micelle

Answer 26

LDL and HDL non-polar = non-dissolvable

Question 27

what does cholesterol have to do with the cell membrane?

Answer 27

cholesterol is slightly amphipathic and can be inserted in the membrane and limit acid fatty tail movement decreases fluidity of a membrane

Question 28

the cell membrane can accept

Answer 28

non polar substances (fats steriods, non disolveables)

Question 29

the cell membrane resists against

Answer 29

polar substances like Na+, K+ or Cl-

Question 30

Integral proteins

Answer 30

cannot be extracted without leaving a hole amphipathic can serve as: passive transport and channels active transport pumps membrane lined enzymes (ETC) receptors

Question 31

Peripheral proteins

Answer 31

asociated with the surface of a membrane example is G-PROTEIN