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Physiology > Topic 1 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

monitors and responds quickly to changes in our internal and external enviornment

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2
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the nervous system?

A

1) detect sensory info
2) analyze/process that info
3) make a decision
4) execute a response

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3
Q

Which Nervous system is outputs/inputs a part of

A

PNS

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4
Q

what are some examples of sensory systems

A

vision, taste, smell, hearing, touch

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5
Q

cell bodies in clusters in the CNS is called what?

A

nuclei

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6
Q

cell bodies in clusters in the PNS is called the….

A

ganglia

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7
Q

t/f nuerons have long lifespans

A

true

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8
Q

t/f neurons divide regularly

A

false

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9
Q

t/f neurons use lots of glucose

A

true

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10
Q

t/f the brain is okay for a few seconds without glucose, it stores glycogen in the brain matter

A

false

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11
Q

how much does the brain account for in the blood supply?

A

20%

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12
Q

how much does the brain account for in the glucose?

A

50%

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13
Q

Afferent pathways travel To the_______ from the ______

A

towards the CNS, from the PNS

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14
Q

Efferent or motor neurons travel from _____ to the _____

A

CNS to muscles

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15
Q

where are the cell bodies in Efferent or motor neurons?

A

cell bodies are in the CNS

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16
Q

where are cell bodies in Afferent or sensory neurons?

A

always in ganglion outside CNS

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17
Q

Somatic=

A

voluntary

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18
Q

Autonomic=

A

involuntary

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19
Q

What are interneurons?

A

99.98% of neurons

within CNS

usually inhibitory

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20
Q

Shwann cells form myelin in the ____

A

PNS

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21
Q

Astrocytes

A

star shaped, most numerous

metabolic support and homeostasis of the neuron

needed for development and maintenance of the BBB (blood brain barrier)

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22
Q

Microglia

A

phagocytes, engulf invading microorganisms

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23
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

line the cavities of CNS and the spinal cord; cilia

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24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin sheaths in CNS

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25
_______ are important for tight junction formation and critical to the function of the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)
astrocytes
26
Why do we have a blood brain barrier?
1) controlled environment for neuron excitability 2) protection against INFECTIONS and EDEMA
27
Why is delivering therapeutics into the brain hard?
because many drugs are polar
28
What is MS
patches of myelin are destroyed in the brain and spinal cord
29
what is alzheimer's disease?
disruption of Blood Brain Barrier linked to pathological "plaques" and "tangles"
30
t/f nervous system is rapid response communication
true
31
Afferent=
sensory
32
efferent=
motor output
33
_______are important for the formation of tight junctions that make up the Blood brain Barrier
astrocytes- the most numerous
34
BBB allows the brain to function in an isolated environment. this is important because......
it allows the brain to be seperate from the rest of the body. if your body is freaking out or sick, your brain is okay because it is protected by the BBB
35
Gray matter
where neuron cell bodies are 40% of CNS site of neuronal integration
36
white matter
where millions of axons are running btw different part of CNS, in bundles of tracts involved in rapid transmission 60% of CNS white because its covered in myelination
37
t/f white is on the outside of the brain because it needs to move throughout the brain
false | gray is on the outside of the brain
38
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
gray regions that form exterior of the brain
39
SAID MOVE
S: sensory A: afferent I: input D: dorsal M: motor O:output V: Ventral E: efferent
40
Sensory info from spinal cord to brain is carried by ______tracts
ascending
41
t/f ascending and desceding tracts link the peripheral nerves to the brain
true
42
What are the two types of nerve fibers?
1) cranial nerves (from brain 2) spinal nerve from brain via spinal cord
43
what is a nerve?
grossly visible bundle of axonal processes
44
what is a neuron?
single cell part of a nerve
45
Vagus Nerve
innervates skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and smooth muscle and glands of thorax and abdomen transmits info from receptors in thorax and abdomen
46
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
47
dermatome
sensory portion of skin
48
mytome
motor portion of skin
49
t/f spinal and sensory nerves are mixed. They both carry sensory and motor info
true
50
Dorsal root
Contains sensory (afferent) fibers
51
Ventral root
Contains motor (efferent) fibers. No ganglia Cell bodies are in gray matter of spinal cord
52
What are reflexes?
Responses that don't require a brain Somatic or visceral 5 components: ① receptor ② Sensory neuron ③ interneuron ④ motor neuron 5 effector
53
What are the 4 reflex circuit classification:
① spinal or cranial ② somatic or visceral ③ innate or conditioned ④ monosynaptic or polysynaptic
54
Frontal lobe
Motor cortex
55
Parietal
Sensory cortex
56
Occipital]
Visual cortex
57
Temporal
Auditory cortex
58
How is sensory info sent from PNS to Cerebral Cortex?
1) info is sent across midline (integration cente) 2) fine senses cross the middle in the medulla 3) hits thalamus and synapses 4) sensations are perceived in primary somatic sensory info
59
Homunculus
Diagram showing sensitivity in proportion to size
60
T/f in somatic, there is one motor neuron that extends from the PNS to skeletal muscle
False. Extends from the CNS not PNS
61
How many neurons does the autonomic nervous system nave?
Chain of two neurons
62
T/F conduction is faster in the ANS than somatic because of thinly or unmyleinated axons on postganglionic side
Conduction is slower in the ANS
63
Paraympathetic has_

Physiology (14 decks)

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