Section 4: Chapter 8 Jazz Combo

Question 1

A jazz combo can be divided into what two sections?

Answer 1

melodic section and a rhythm section

Question 2

What do jazz ensembles generally consist of?

Answer 2

arhythm section (normally comprised of piano, guitar, bass, and drum kit),
one or more melodic instruments,
and occasionally a vocalist.

Question 3

What must be practiced and rehearsed for jazz combo musicians?

Answer 3

Clear communication between players in a jazz combo must be rehearsed and is an essential skill due to the high level of improvisation

Question 4

What is a bass function in a jazz combo?

Answer 4

1. Function as both rhythmic and harmonic foundation throughout the form.
2. Have the ability to create stylistically appropriate basslines in all jazz styles.
3. Focus on the accompaniment of others, while also standing alone harmonically.
4. Maintain smooth voice motion.
5. Use available tensions and nonharmonic tones to string together chord changes.
6. Maintain a constant tempo with the drummer (specifically coinciding with the ride cymbal/high-hat).
7. Be prepared to perform occasional improvised solos.

Question 5

What do drums do in a jazz ensemble?

Answer 5

1. Establish and maintain tempo and groove throughout a performance.
2. Focus on ride/high-hat technique.
3. Maintain a constant tempo with the bass player.
4. Understand hi-hat accent on beats 2 and 4.
5. Appropriately accent using the snare and kick drum.
6. “Playing the form” by using short fills to mark the ends of phrases of the song as itprogresses. This can sometimes be referred to as “Turning the corner”.

Question 6

What does a piano provide to a jazz ensemble?

Answer 6

1. Provide harmonic color and intensity with proper rhythmic accenting.
2. Use tasteful voicings that coincide with style and texture of the tune.
3. Be careful not to over play, keep rhythmic patterns simple and minimalistic when possible.
4. Maintain good voice leading.
5. Use of chord substitution for harmonic interest.
6. Balancing of comping with guitar accompaniment.
7. Be ready to be called upon for improvised solos and melodic lines.

Question 7

What does a guitar do in a jazz ensemble?

Answer 7

1. Support and enhance the rhythmic feel “groove”.
2. Maintain good voice leading.
3. Voice chord changes within the mid-range of the instrument.
4. Play with a tone that is appropriate for the style being performed.
5. Balance of harmonic comping with piano.
6. Use of chord substitution for harmonic interest.
7. Be ready to be called upon for improvised solos and melodic line

Question 8

What are melodic instruments that are frequently featured in a jazz combo?

Answer 8

trumpet, trombone, and the saxophone.

Question 9

Can flute and clarinet be used in a jazz combo?

Answer 9

yes, clarinet to a lesser extent

Question 10

Should a vocalist’s audience interaction be improvised?

Answer 10

No, it should be rehearsed