Section 1: Chapter 3 Extended And Altered Chords Flashcards
(27 cards)
What do extended chords provide?
These extensions add tone colors and tensions not present in the basic triad.
When composers use extended chords, what chord tone is normally omitted and why?
3rd for 11th chords
9th and 11th for 13th chords
When writing chords with an extension of a ninth, describe how that extension gets resolved.
The 9th resolves downward by a step to the nearest diatonic note of the resolution chord.
When writing chords with an extension of an eleventh, what chord tones are omitted and why?
3rd is omitted due to also being called sus4 chords
When writing chords with an extension of a thirteenth, what chord tones are omitted and why?
5th, 9th, and 11th
5th isn’t necessary for tonality
9th and 11th would clash with the root and third
What are the characteristics of the dominant (V) chord that lends it to being altered more often than other chords?
because of the impact that chord has on the tonality of the tonic key and because the third of the dominant chord is the leading tone of the tonic key and the fifth of the dominant is the supertonic of the tonic key.
When writing altered fifths, what are the general rules for resolving them?
raised 5th resolves upward a half step to the target chord
lowered 5th resolves downward to the root of the tonic chord
What type of chord has a raised root and what scale degree can be used as the root of a raised root chord.?
The raised root chord is a diminished chord. When the leading tone is used as the root, the resulting triad is a raised root chord. The unmodified seventh of that chord makes it a half-diminished and the lowered seventh makes it fully diminished.
Modal scales, especially Mixolydian and Lydian are another method of making altered chords. What determines when to use the Mixolydian mode?
The use of the modes is determined by the target chord. If the target chord is Major, the Mixolydian mode works well.
How do you determine what Lydian scale to use for a substitution dominant chord?
The way to determine the Lydian scale to use is to look at the root of the target chord. The note to start the Lydian scale on is a half step above the target chord’s root.
What chord tone is omitted in an 11th chord?
3rd
What chord tones are omitted in a 13th chord?
5th 9th and 11th
What does the raised 4th in a Lydian scale give?
It gives a secondary chord built on a second scale degree a major sound
the primary chord build on the fourth scale degree a diminished sound
What tone is omitted in a 9th chord?
the 5th
What are 11th chords often referred to?
sus4 because the third is often omitted
What chords include the raised 5th?
I (tonic)
IV (Subdominant)
V (dominant)
Where does the raised 5th resolved?
The raised fifth note always resolvesupward a half step to the target chord.
What is typically double at the resolution of a raised 5th chord?
the third
Where does a lowered 5th appear on?
Dominant chords
What position does a lowered 5th occur in?
dominant chord in root or first position
What type of chord does a raised root have?
diminished or half diminished
What determines the use of a mixolydian chord scale?
the target chord
If the target chord contains a major 3rd, the secondary dominant seventh chord generally takes what type of chord scale?
Mixolydian as a chordscale.
When the target chord contains a minor third, the secondary dominant seventh chord takes what type of chord scale?
Mixolydian with a b13
