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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 5B > Flashcards

Section 5B Flashcards

1
Q

Ciliates

A

group of alveolates that use cilia for locomotion and feeding

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2
Q

Membranelles

A

ribbon-shaped or tufted arrangements of cilia that increase the effectiveness of locomotion and feeding

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3
Q

Cytostome

A

organelle in ciliate where phagocytosis occurs

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4
Q

Lorica

A

loosely fitting external covering

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5
Q

Micronucleus

A

smaller nucleus if ciliate; holds one set of chromosomes for inheritance by the next generation

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6
Q

Macronucleus

A

larger nucleus of ciliate; holds many sets of chromosomes FINISH

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7
Q

Conjugation

A

sexual reproduction that involves the exchange of nuclei between fused cells

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8
Q

Choanoflagellates

A

group of microbes that filter suspended particles through a specialized collar surrounding the flagellum(sponge cells)

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9
Q

Microvillus

A

one of many shirt, hair like extensions that form the collar of chaonoflagellates

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10
Q

Amoeboid Protozoans

A

group of microbes characterized by a Pseudopod

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11
Q

Pseudopod

A

finger like projection of cytoplasm and membrane that functions in both locomotion and feeding in amoeboid protozoans

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12
Q

Foraminiferan

A

an amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized pseudopods and a cancerous test

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13
Q

Reticulopod

A

pseudopod in foraminiferans with branches that interconnect to fork a net for the capture of particles

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14
Q

Radiolarians

A

amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized needle like pseudopods. (Actinopods) and a skeleton of silica

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15
Q

Capsule

A

external organic layer in radiolarians that separated the inner nuclear region from the outer region

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16
Q

Calymma

A

vacuolated outermost cytoplasm of a radiolarian; formed by actinopods passing through the capsule

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17
Q

Seaweeds (macroalgae; limu)

A

multicellular algae visible to the naked eye

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18
Q

Phycologist(algologist)

A

scientist who studies seaweeds

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19
Q

Fouling Community

A

assemblage of organisms that grow on a intertidal or a submerged artificial structure

  • seaweed produce 3 dimensional structure
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20
Q

Compensation Depth

A

depth beyond which primary producers generally cannot survive

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21
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

found in higher plants; provides support and transports water, minerals and food

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22
Q

Thallus

A

body of an algae

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23
Q

Holdfast

A

part of thallus that attaches algae to sea floor

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24
Q

Frond(blade)

A

leaf life part of a seaweed

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25
Stipe
stem like part of the thallus connecting the frond to the holdfast
26
Green Algae(Phylum Chlorophyta)
chlorophyll a & b 4 classes: 2 FW, 1 marine, 1 seaweed(13%)
27
Brown Algae(Phylum Phaeophyta)
chlorophyll c 99.7% are marine. >diversity than green,
28
Red Algae(Phylum Phodophyta)
chlorophyll d and with phycobilins: are 98% marine Main defense- make thalli less editable (impregnated with CaCO3)
29
Cuticle
outermost non living layer of an organism; multilayered covering of protein- gives seaweeds iridescent shine
30
Reproduction Methods
Asexual and Sexual
31
Fragmentation
production of new organisms from pieces of a parent organism
32
Drift Algae
seaweeds feed from attachment that can accumulate on windward shores(e.g.sargassum)
33
Sproangium
the part of the seaweed that produces asexual spores
34
Sporophyte
asexual spore producing stage in the life cycle
35
Gametophyte
stage in the life cycle of an algae or plant during which gametes are produces through sexual reproduction
36
Gametanium
part of the gametophyte where gametes are produced
37
Alternating of Generations
describes the lifecycle of plants and includes more than one multicellular stage; usually one sexual and one asexual
38
Coenocytic Green Algae
cell grows and the nucleus divides, but the cell does not divide, resulting in a large multinucleud cells
39
Tolerance
mechanism to compensate for loss of tissue to herbivory (e.g rapid growth)
40
Avoidance
mechanism to reduce herbivory by being in a different place or time than the herbivore (e.g. occupy cervices)
41
Deterrence
mechanism to reduce herbivory by repelling a predator (e.g. CaCO3 deposits in cells)
42
Red Algae Reproduction
Carposporophyte, carpospore, tetrasprophyte, tetraspores.
43
Epiphytes (red algae)
an organism that grows on a multicellular primary producer
44
Coralline Algae
group of red algae that deposit CaCO3 in their cell walls; acts like cement in a coral reef systems
45
Epizoic
any organisms that grows on an animal
46
Phycocolloids(red algae)
chemicals in cell walls that help improve flexibility and strength and may be extracted for human use
47
Agar(red algae)
phycocolloid of red algae that is used to make laboratory culture media
48
Carrageenan(red algae)
phycocolloid of red algae that is used commercially for thickening
49
Fucoxanthin
accessory pigment in brown algae
50
Bladders(brown algae)
gas filled floats in the thallus
51
Alginates(brown algae)
phycocolloids of brown algae that increase thallus flexibility and strength
52
Trumpet Cells(brown algae)
kelp carry food from fronds to deeper parts of the thallus
53
Receptacles (brown algae)
swollen reproductive parts of brown algae
54
Conceptable (brown algae)
brown algae is a chamber in a receptacle that hold the gamete producing tissue
55
Rhizoids
a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus
56
4 Plants
sea grass, salt marshes, mangrove forests and kelp
57
Stonewort
plant that is more complex than green algae and related to land plants
58
Phloem
vascular tissue of plants that carries food from leaves to other plants
59
Xylem
vascular tissue of plants that carries water from roots to other plants
60
Seed
dormant stage of basil at plants that bears the embryo with protective and nutritive layer
61
Flowering Plants
group of vascular plants that produce seeds in fruits
62
Fruits
produces from the flower after pollination and contain the seeds
63
Sea Grass
lily-like plants that live in submerged in seawater 66 species (0.02 of flowering plants)
64
Halophytes
plants that grow and reproduce best in presence of salt
65
Hydrophyte
flowering plant that lives submerged under water
66
Vegetative Growth
form of asexual reproduction in which growth regions produce additional units of the plant body of identical genetic makeup
67
Rhizomes
underground horizontal system
68
Internode
part of the system between places where leaves, roots, and stems arise
69
Nodes
parts at which internodes meet and where leaves, roots, and stems arise
70
Roots
arise from nodes and anchor grass
71
Root Hairs
a obsorptive extensions of surface cells if a roof
72
Scale Leaf
non photosynthetic structures that protect the growing rip of the stem
73
Foliage Leaf
produce photosynthetic blade
74
Sheath
non photosynthetic part of a leaf
75
Blade
green part of the leaf
76
Epidermis
surface of epithelium of the skin
77
Arenchyme
gas containing tissue in vascular plants that consists of spaces between the cell walls
78
Lacunae
expanded gas filled spaces in the arenchyme
79
Tannins
compounds in plants that reduce herbivory and microbial infection
80
Bioturbation
mixing up of sediments by the activities of sea floor animals
81
Pollen
make gametophyte of seed bearing plant
82
Stigma
female part of a flower that revives the pollen
83
Hydrophilous Pollination
mechanism for seed dispersal of a pollen grain by water currents from the male flower to the female flower
84
Viviparity
reproduction by the initial retention and nourishment of offspring on or in the parent (a few seagrass species do this)
85
Turbidity
cloudiness in the water from suspended particles
86
Rhizosphere
area below ground that is physically and chemically influenced by the complex roots of a vascular plant
87
Culm
primary vertical stem of a marsh grass
88
Tillers
secondary stems surrounding a culm
89
Emergency Aquatic Vegetation (WAV)
salt marsh grass
90
Submerged Agustin Vegetation(SAV)
seagrass
91
Facultative Halyphyte
plant that thrives in the presence or absence of salt
92
Salt Glands
epidermal cells that released salt solutions to control mineral balance in plants
93
Succulent
plant with enlarged water filled cells in its tissue

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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