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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 7B > Flashcards

Section 7B Flashcards

1
Q

Cerata

A

projections found in the body of nudibranchs that increase the surface area available for gas exchange

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2
Q

Trochophore larvae

A

free swimming larvae stage associated with primitive gastropods that shed their eggs into the water

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3
Q

Veliger larvae

A

free swimming larvae stage characteristic of many marine gastropods

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4
Q

Pheromones

A

hormones released into the environment by an animal that controls the development and behavior of other animals of the same species

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5
Q

Hermaphroditic Limpets

A

Credipula

congregate in stacked groups: male on top and female on bottom

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6
Q

Bivalves

A

molluscs in the class bivalvia, that have 2 hinged shells covering their body

have no head or radula; bodies are laterally composed

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7
Q

Umbo

A

area around the hinge; oldest part of the bivalve

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8
Q

Adductor muscles

A

close the 2 valves of a bivalve shell

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9
Q

Inhalant opening

A

opening firmed by the mantle that allows water to enter the mantle cavity

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10
Q

Exhaling opening

A

opening formed by the mantle that allows water to exit the mantle cavity

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11
Q

Palps

A

pair of structures around the mouth that form a food mass from the food filtered by the bivalve and move it to the animals mouth

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12
Q

Siphons

A

tubular structures formed from a bivalves mantle that are fused around the incurrent and excurrent siphons

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13
Q

Byssal threads

A

tough threads composed of protein

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14
Q

Cephalopods

A

molluscan class cephalopods; octopus and squid

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15
Q

Nautiloids

A

cephalopods whose body is covered by a shell

produce large coiled shells composed of chambers

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16
Q

Coleoids

A

cephalopods that don’t have an external shell

have 10 appendages; 8 arms and 2 tentacles; have small internal shell

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17
Q

Septa

A

partitions that separate the chambers of a nautilus shell

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18
Q

Siphuncle

A

cord of tissue that runs through the chambers of a nautilus and removed seawater fork new chambers

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19
Q

Crop

A

sac like structure that stores food

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20
Q

Squid have a PEN

A

strip if hard protein that helps support the mantle

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21
Q

Sepia

A

dark fluid produced by the ink gland of coleids

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22
Q

Melanin

A

brown black pigment; deep sea squid have white or bioluminescent sepia

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23
Q

Chromatophores

A

pigment containing cells that function in color changes

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24
Q

Spermatophore

A

package of sperm

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25
Oviduct
tube that carrie’s eggs to the outside of the body
26
Annelids
worms belonging to phylum Annelida bodies are divided internally and eternally into segments
27
Hydrostatic Skeleton
means of supporting an animals body using fluid contained in a body compartment
28
Setae
smalls bristles on the skin of some annelids
29
Polychaetes
annelid works belonging to the class Polychaeta
30
Errant Polychaetes
actively moving; predators
31
Sedentary Polychaetes
Sessile: suspension/filter feeder
32
Non selective deposit feeders
animals that invest both organic and mineral particles and then digest the organic material
33
Fecal Cast(castings)
mass of organic material and mineral particles that are defecated by deposit feeders
34
Selective deposit feeders
animals that separate organic material from minerals and ingest only the organic material
35
Epitoky
type of reproduction in some polychaetes that involves the production of a reproductive individual that is adapted for a free swimming existence
36
Epitoke
free swimming reproductive epitoky
37
Swarming
behavior that bring reproductive individuals together
38
Fertilization
chemical release by some female epitokes that stimulates male to release sperm; stimulates females to release eggs
39
Sipunculids(peanut worms)
solitary nonsegmented annelid worms belong to class supuncula;burrowing
40
Echiurans (spoonworms)
sausage shaped annelids that belong to class echiura
41
Pogonophorand (beardworms)
annelids that belong to class pogonophora live in tubes in deep water; lack mouth and digestive track-absorbing directly into tentacles
42
Nematodes(roundworms)
works that belong to phylum nematoda numerous animals on earth, 50% are marine, parasitic, carnivorous, scavengers, important in nutrient cycling
43
Arthropods
animals with jointed appendages belonging to phylum arthropoda
44
Exoskeleton
hard exterior skeleton
45
Chitin
touch polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton in arthropods
46
Molting
process whereby an arthropod sheds its old exoskeleton and forms a new one
47
Chelicerates
arthropods that have a pair of oral appendages called chelicerae that function feeding
48
Mandibulates
arthropods mandibles for chewing food mostly crustaceans(shrimp, crab, lobster)
49
Horseshoe Crabs
not true crabs; chelicerates that live in shallow water coaster waters
50
Chelicerae
appendages for filtering food
51
Cephalothorax
body region composed of fused head and thorax
52
Abdomen
body region of an animal that corresponds to its body
53
Telson
long spike used by horseshoe crabs for steering and defense
54
Sea Spiders
chelicerates found in a variety of environments;especially polar seas
55
Palps
sensory structures -four pairs of walking legs -males carry the developing eggs in specialized appendages
56
Mandibukate Anatomy
3 main regions -head -thorax -abdomen
57
Mandibles
appendages found in mandibulate arthropods that are modified for feedings
58
Swimmerets
arthropod chelipeds; claws appendages modified for swimming
59
Arthropod Molting
controlled by specific hormones produced by glands in the head - triggered by environmental conditions
60
Decapods
arthropods that belong to class develops 5 pairs of walking legs -most are predators or scavengers
61
Decapod Reproduction
sexes are usually separate males transmit sperm packaged in spermatophore
62
Copulatory Pleopods
anterior 2 pair of abdominal appendages in male decapods which are adapted for delivering spermatophores to a female
63
Zoea
planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as crabs and mantis shrimp
64
Nauplius
planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as shrimp and barnacles
65
Mantis shrimp(order stromatopoda)
highly specialized predators - enlarged thoracic appendages -either lead or smash prey
66
Krill(order euphausiaces)
shrimp like crustaceans -filter feeders feed primarily on zooplankton -most are bioluminescent
67
Swarms
large mass of krill
68
Amphipods
Crustaceans belonging to order amphipoda; resemble shrimp - herbivores, detritivores, or scavengers
69
Gnathopods
special appendages found in amphipods that are used in feeding
70
Copepods
small planktonic crustaceans belonging to class copepoda -largest group of small crustaceans -most abundant marine zooplankton -exhibit daily vertical migrations
71
Barnacles
sessile crustaceans belong to class cirripedia; attach to hard surfaces
72
Cyprid larvae
planktonic larval stage that develops from a naupilus larva in the life cycle of a barnacle
73
Arthropods as food
crustaceans are food for humans and other marine animals; copeods and krill have huge trophy impact on food webs
74
Arthropods as symbionts
copeods are parasitic, shrimp are mutualistic cleaners, other are commensals
75
Arthropods as recyclers and foulers
grass shrimp (opae) feed in detritus, barnacles primary biofoulers
76
Arroworms
planktonic organisms belonging to phylum chaetognatha -common plankton in tropical surface waters
77
Grasping Spines
structure on the heads of arroworms
78
Echinoderms
animals with spiny skins belonging to phylum echinodermata
79
Endoskeleton
internal skeleton
80
Ossicles
plates of carbon that make up echinoderm skeletons
81
Pedicellariae
pincer-like structures found in the skin of echinoderms
82
Water vascular system
system of tubes found in the body of echinoderms through the body and functions in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and excretion
83
Madreporite
site at which water enters the vascular system of echinoderms
84
Podia
tube feet
85
Ambulacral groove
groove in which the podia are located
86
Sea stars
class astroidea
87
Arboreal surface
side opposite to the mouth
88
Ophiuroids
echinoderms belonging to class ophiuroidea -greatest number of echinoderm species -brittle stars, basket stars, serpent stars - 5 arms, defined central disk
89
Automize
cast off a body part -if break is beyond the point of its disk it can be regenerated
90
Echinoids
class echinoida
91
regular echinoids
echinoids with spherical bodies, commonly referred to sea urchins
92
irregular echinoids
echinoids whose bodies aren’t spherical -sand dollars, heart urchins
93
Aristotles Lantern
feeding structure formed from the dive teeth of a sea urchin
94
Urchin Feeders
grazers
95
Sea cucumbers
class holothuroidea
96
Respiratory tree
system of tubules in a sea cucumber that functions in gas exchange
97
Oral tentacles
modified tube feet located around the mouth of a sea cucumber that function in feeding
98
Cuvierian tubules
sticky tubules ejected from the anus of some sea cucumbers that function in defense
99
Eviscerate
release internal organs through anus or mouth
100
Crinoids
echinoderms belonging to class crinoidea; sea lillie’s and feather stars
101
Cirri
hook like surfaces on feather stars used for clinging to hard substrates
102
Ecological roles of echinoderms
food for humans and animals; poison produced by cucumbers and urchins
103
Roe
an organisms ovaries and eggs
104
Holothurin
toxic substance produced by sea cucumbers
105
Hemichirdates(acorn worms)
work like animals
106
Hemichordata
sessile bottom dwellers -once considered with chordates
107
Chordates
animals that belong to phylum chordates -possess a notichord -pharyngeal gill slits -post anal tail -hollow nerve tube
108
Notochord
rod shaped structure that forms the axial skeleton of chordates some time in their life cycle
109
Pharyngeal hill slits
slit like openings found in the neck of chordates some in it’s life cycle
110
Postanal tail
tail extends past anus
111
Dorsal hollow nerve tube
neural structure found in chordates some time in their life cycle

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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