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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 7B > Flashcards

Section 7B Flashcards

1
Q

Cerata

A

projections found in the body of nudibranchs that increase the surface area available for gas exchange

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2
Q

Trochophore larvae

A

free swimming larvae stage associated with primitive gastropods that shed their eggs into the water

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3
Q

Veliger larvae

A

free swimming larvae stage characteristic of many marine gastropods

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4
Q

Pheromones

A

hormones released into the environment by an animal that controls the development and behavior of other animals of the same species

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5
Q

Hermaphroditic Limpets

A

Credipula

congregate in stacked groups: male on top and female on bottom

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6
Q

Bivalves

A

molluscs in the class bivalvia, that have 2 hinged shells covering their body

have no head or radula; bodies are laterally composed

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7
Q

Umbo

A

area around the hinge; oldest part of the bivalve

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8
Q

Adductor muscles

A

close the 2 valves of a bivalve shell

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9
Q

Inhalant opening

A

opening firmed by the mantle that allows water to enter the mantle cavity

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10
Q

Exhaling opening

A

opening formed by the mantle that allows water to exit the mantle cavity

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11
Q

Palps

A

pair of structures around the mouth that form a food mass from the food filtered by the bivalve and move it to the animals mouth

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12
Q

Siphons

A

tubular structures formed from a bivalves mantle that are fused around the incurrent and excurrent siphons

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13
Q

Byssal threads

A

tough threads composed of protein

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14
Q

Cephalopods

A

molluscan class cephalopods; octopus and squid

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15
Q

Nautiloids

A

cephalopods whose body is covered by a shell

produce large coiled shells composed of chambers

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16
Q

Coleoids

A

cephalopods that don’t have an external shell

have 10 appendages; 8 arms and 2 tentacles; have small internal shell

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17
Q

Septa

A

partitions that separate the chambers of a nautilus shell

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18
Q

Siphuncle

A

cord of tissue that runs through the chambers of a nautilus and removed seawater fork new chambers

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19
Q

Crop

A

sac like structure that stores food

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20
Q

Squid have a PEN

A

strip if hard protein that helps support the mantle

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21
Q

Sepia

A

dark fluid produced by the ink gland of coleids

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22
Q

Melanin

A

brown black pigment; deep sea squid have white or bioluminescent sepia

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23
Q

Chromatophores

A

pigment containing cells that function in color changes

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24
Q

Spermatophore

A

package of sperm

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25
Q

Oviduct

A

tube that carrie’s eggs to the outside of the body

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26
Q

Annelids

A

worms belonging to phylum Annelida

bodies are divided internally and eternally into segments

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27
Q

Hydrostatic Skeleton

A

means of supporting an animals body using fluid contained in a body compartment

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28
Q

Setae

A

smalls bristles on the skin of some annelids

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29
Q

Polychaetes

A

annelid works belonging to the class Polychaeta

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30
Q

Errant Polychaetes

A

actively moving; predators

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31
Q

Sedentary Polychaetes

A

Sessile: suspension/filter feeder

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32
Q

Non selective deposit feeders

A

animals that invest both organic and mineral particles and then digest the organic material

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33
Q

Fecal Cast(castings)

A

mass of organic material and mineral particles that are defecated by deposit feeders

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34
Q

Selective deposit feeders

A

animals that separate organic material from minerals and ingest only the organic material

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35
Q

Epitoky

A

type of reproduction in some polychaetes that involves the production of a reproductive individual that is adapted for a free swimming existence

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36
Q

Epitoke

A

free swimming reproductive epitoky

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37
Q

Swarming

A

behavior that bring reproductive individuals together

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38
Q

Fertilization

A

chemical release by some female epitokes that stimulates male to release sperm; stimulates females to release eggs

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39
Q

Sipunculids(peanut worms)

A

solitary nonsegmented annelid worms

belong to class supuncula;burrowing

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40
Q

Echiurans (spoonworms)

A

sausage shaped annelids that belong to class echiura

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41
Q

Pogonophorand (beardworms)

A

annelids that belong to class pogonophora

live in tubes in deep water; lack mouth and digestive track-absorbing directly into tentacles

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42
Q

Nematodes(roundworms)

A

works that belong to phylum nematoda

numerous animals on earth, 50% are marine, parasitic, carnivorous, scavengers, important in nutrient cycling

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43
Q

Arthropods

A

animals with jointed appendages belonging to phylum arthropoda

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44
Q

Exoskeleton

A

hard exterior skeleton

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45
Q

Chitin

A

touch polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton in arthropods

46
Q

Molting

A

process whereby an arthropod sheds its old exoskeleton and forms a new one

47
Q

Chelicerates

A

arthropods that have a pair of oral appendages called chelicerae that function feeding

48
Q

Mandibulates

A

arthropods mandibles for chewing food
mostly crustaceans(shrimp, crab, lobster)

49
Q

Horseshoe Crabs

A

not true crabs; chelicerates that live in shallow water coaster waters

50
Q

Chelicerae

A

appendages for filtering food

51
Q

Cephalothorax

A

body region composed of fused head and thorax

52
Q

Abdomen

A

body region of an animal that corresponds to its body

53
Q

Telson

A

long spike used by horseshoe crabs for steering and defense

54
Q

Sea Spiders

A

chelicerates found in a variety of environments;especially polar seas

55
Q

Palps

A

sensory structures
-four pairs of walking legs
-males carry the developing eggs in specialized appendages

56
Q

Mandibukate Anatomy

A

3 main regions

-head
-thorax
-abdomen

57
Q

Mandibles

A

appendages found in mandibulate arthropods that are modified for feedings

58
Q

Swimmerets

A

arthropod chelipeds; claws appendages modified for swimming

59
Q

Arthropod Molting

A

controlled by specific hormones produced by glands in the head
- triggered by environmental conditions

60
Q

Decapods

A

arthropods that belong to class develops

5 pairs of walking legs
-most are predators or scavengers

61
Q

Decapod Reproduction

A

sexes are usually separate males transmit sperm packaged in spermatophore

62
Q

Copulatory Pleopods

A

anterior 2 pair of abdominal appendages in male decapods which are adapted for delivering spermatophores to a female

63
Q

Zoea

A

planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as crabs and mantis shrimp

64
Q

Nauplius

A

planktonic larval stage of some crustaceans such as shrimp and barnacles

65
Q

Mantis shrimp(order stromatopoda)

A

highly specialized predators
- enlarged thoracic appendages
-either lead or smash prey

66
Q

Krill(order euphausiaces)

A

shrimp like crustaceans
-filter feeders feed primarily on zooplankton
-most are bioluminescent

67
Q

Swarms

A

large mass of krill

68
Q

Amphipods

A

Crustaceans belonging to order amphipoda; resemble shrimp
- herbivores, detritivores, or scavengers

69
Q

Gnathopods

A

special appendages found in amphipods that are used in feeding

70
Q

Copepods

A

small planktonic crustaceans belonging to class copepoda
-largest group of small crustaceans
-most abundant marine zooplankton
-exhibit daily vertical migrations

71
Q

Barnacles

A

sessile crustaceans belong to class cirripedia; attach to hard surfaces

72
Q

Cyprid larvae

A

planktonic larval stage that develops from a naupilus larva in the life cycle of a barnacle

73
Q

Arthropods as food

A

crustaceans are food for humans and other marine animals; copeods and krill have huge trophy impact on food webs

74
Q

Arthropods as symbionts

A

copeods are parasitic, shrimp are mutualistic cleaners, other are commensals

75
Q

Arthropods as recyclers and foulers

A

grass shrimp (opae) feed in detritus, barnacles primary biofoulers

76
Q

Arroworms

A

planktonic organisms belonging to phylum chaetognatha
-common plankton in tropical surface waters

77
Q

Grasping Spines

A

structure on the heads of arroworms

78
Q

Echinoderms

A

animals with spiny skins belonging to phylum echinodermata

79
Q

Endoskeleton

A

internal skeleton

80
Q

Ossicles

A

plates of carbon that make up echinoderm skeletons

81
Q

Pedicellariae

A

pincer-like structures found in the skin of echinoderms

82
Q

Water vascular system

A

system of tubes found in the body of echinoderms through the body and functions in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and excretion

83
Q

Madreporite

A

site at which water enters the vascular system of echinoderms

84
Q

Podia

A

tube feet

85
Q

Ambulacral groove

A

groove in which the podia are located

86
Q

Sea stars

A

class astroidea

87
Q

Arboreal surface

A

side opposite to the mouth

88
Q

Ophiuroids

A

echinoderms belonging to class ophiuroidea
-greatest number of echinoderm species
-brittle stars, basket stars, serpent stars
- 5 arms, defined central disk

89
Q

Automize

A

cast off a body part
-if break is beyond the point of its disk it can be regenerated

90
Q

Echinoids

A

class echinoida

91
Q

regular echinoids

A

echinoids with spherical bodies, commonly referred to sea urchins

92
Q

irregular echinoids

A

echinoids whose bodies aren’t spherical
-sand dollars, heart urchins

93
Q

Aristotles Lantern

A

feeding structure formed from the dive teeth of a sea urchin

94
Q

Urchin Feeders

A

grazers

95
Q

Sea cucumbers

A

class holothuroidea

96
Q

Respiratory tree

A

system of tubules in a sea cucumber that functions in gas exchange

97
Q

Oral tentacles

A

modified tube feet located around the mouth of a sea cucumber that function in feeding

98
Q

Cuvierian tubules

A

sticky tubules ejected from the anus of some sea cucumbers that function in defense

99
Q

Eviscerate

A

release internal organs through anus or mouth

100
Q

Crinoids

A

echinoderms belonging to class crinoidea; sea lillie’s and feather stars

101
Q

Cirri

A

hook like surfaces on feather stars used for clinging to hard substrates

102
Q

Ecological roles of echinoderms

A

food for humans and animals; poison produced by cucumbers and urchins

103
Q

Roe

A

an organisms ovaries and eggs

104
Q

Holothurin

A

toxic substance produced by sea cucumbers

105
Q

Hemichirdates(acorn worms)

A

work like animals

106
Q

Hemichordata

A

sessile bottom dwellers
-once considered with chordates

107
Q

Chordates

A

animals that belong to phylum chordates
-possess a notichord
-pharyngeal gill slits
-post anal tail
-hollow nerve tube

108
Q

Notochord

A

rod shaped structure that forms the axial skeleton of chordates some time in their life cycle

109
Q

Pharyngeal hill slits

A

slit like openings found in the neck of chordates some in it’s life cycle

110
Q

Postanal tail

A

tail extends past anus

111
Q

Dorsal hollow nerve tube

A

neural structure found in chordates some time in their life cycle

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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