Section 6B Flashcards
1
Q
Mangroves
A
intertidal salt tolerant tree or shrub if tropical coastlines; black and red
2
Q
Mangal
A
forest of mangroves
3
Q
Arial Root
A
root that occurs above the ground
4
Q
Stilt Root
A
aerial roots that hold up mangroves
5
Q
Prop Root
A
stilt root that arises from the trunk
6
Q
Drop Root
A
stilt root that arises from a branch
7
Q
Lenticels
A
scar like openings on the surface of the roots that supply oxygen to the root system
8
Q
Anchor Roots
A
short branches from the main root that hold the tree in the sediment
9
Q
Nutritive Roots
A
the finest divisions of roots for absorption of minerals
10
Q
Cable Roots
A
subterranean horizontal part of a root system that extends from the trunk
11
Q
Pneumatophores
A
aeriel roots that grow out of the sediment from a cable root and provide air to the root
12
Q
Stomata
A
is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange
13
Q
Propagule
A
dispersal stage of mangrove
14
Q
Hypocotyl
A
initial stem of young plant
15
Q
4 Characteristics of Animals
A
- multicellular
- eukaryotic & lack cell walls
- cannot produce their own food
- can actively move (at some point in their life history)
16
Q
Invertebrates
A
animal that lacks a backbone
17
Q
Vertebrates
A
animals that have a backbone
18
Q
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
A
simple asymmetrical sessile animals
19
Q
Sessile
A
permanently attached to a solid surface
20
Q
Ostia
A
holes in a body of sponges through which water enters
21
Q
Spongocoel
A
cavity in the body of a sponge
22
Q
Osculum
A
opening through which sponge expels water
23
Q
Tissue
A
group of specialized sells that function together as a unit
24
Q
Collar Cells (Choanocytes)
A
flagellate cells in a sponge that circulates water and traps food
25
Pinacocytes
cells that make up the outer covering of a sponge and like the internal chambers not lines by choanocytes
26
Archaocytes
cells that form any of the cells types in a sponges body
27
Spicules
structures that support a sponges body; made of CaCO3, silica, or spongin
28
Spongin
a protein that makes up flexible spicules
29
Sponge Body Forms
size limited by ability to circulate water and body form
30
Asconoid
type of sponge body that lacks invagination; simple, tubular, small, found in clusters
31
Syconoid
type of sponge body with single spongocoel many invagination; pockets lines with choanocytes
32
Leuconoid
type of sponge with multiple spongocoels and chambers leading to them; chambers lined with choanocytes, most complex/largest sponges
33
Suspension Feeder
organism that feeds on food suspended in the water (20% of feeding via phagocytosis)
34
Filter Feeders
filters plankton or nutrients suspended in water
35
Budding
type of sexual reproduction in which a group of cells on the surface of the parent develop into a new individual
36
Hermaphrodites
animals that can produce both male and female gametes
Sperm- drones from modified choanocytes
Eggs- usually develop from archaeocytes
37
Photoperiod
relative amount of light and darkness in a 24 hour period
38
Sponge Competition
compete with corals and bryozoans; make chemicals that kill corals
39
Sponge Predators
silica spicules inhibit grazing; fed on by a few fish and molluscs and hawksbill sea turtles
40
Sponge Symbiosis
symbiotic bacteria, cyanobacteria, shrimp, and fishes
41
Cnidarian
animal that belongs to phylum Cnidaria
42
Cnidocyte
stinging cell found in all cnidarians
43
Radial Symmetry
organization of body parts around a central axis
44
Polyp
generally benthic form of cnidarian characterized by a cylindrical body with an opening at one end, usually surrounded by tentacles
45
Medusa
free floating form of a cnidarian that resembles an umbrella
46
Epidermis
outer layer of cells
47
Gastrovascular Cavity
large cavity found within the body of some animals
48
Gastrodermis
layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity
49
Masoglea
gelatinous material found between the epidermis and gastrodermis
50
Cnida
stinging organelle of a cnidocyte
51
Nematocyst
spearing type of cnida
52
Cnidocil
shirt bristle like structure that acts as a trigger for a cnidocyte
53
Hydrozoans(hydroids)
mostly colonial cnidarian that belong to class hydrozoa
- composed of individual members that are physically connected and adapted to share resources (food)
54
Feeding Polyp(gastrozooid)
polyp in a hydrozoan colony that captures food for the colony
55
Reproductive Polyp(gonogium)
polyp in a hydrozoan colony that asexually reproduces hydrozoan medusae
56
Scyphozoans (true jellyfish)
cnidarian known as jellyfish belonging to the class schyphpzoa
57
Photoreceptors
light sensing organs; use to determine light or dark
58
Cubozoans(box jellyfish)
cnidarian known as box jellyfish belonging to the class cubozoa
59
Anthozoans(anemonies, corals, gorganians)
benthic cnidarians belonging to the class anthozoa; sessile
60
Sedentary
animals they can move but spend the majority of time staying in one please
61
Acrorhagi
specialized tentacles found in some anemones that are used to prevent other anemones from getting too close
62
Scleractinian Corals
corals with hard skeletons of CaCO3
63
Octocorals
soft corals whose polyps have 8 tentacles
64
Gorgonians
soft corals that belong to the order gorgonacea
65
Gastrovascular Cavity
functions both in digestion and movement of materials; waste forced back through the mouth
66
Reproduction in Hydrozoans
Asexual - Polyps
Sexual - Medusa
67
Planular Larvae
planktonic larval stage of a cnidarian
68
Reproduction in Scyphozoans
sexes generally separate; medusa l sexual stage, produce planula larvae, form polyp, produce medusa like buds by asexual reproduction
69
Reproduction in Anthozoans
Asexual is common
70
Pedal Laceration
type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which a period of the animals base (pedal disk) is broken off and field a new individual
71
Fission
type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which the anime splits into two
72
Ctenophores (cone jellies)
gelatinous zooplankton belonging to the phylum ctenophora
- nearly transparent; either rows of comb plates
73
Ctenes
cells of cilia used by ctenophores for locomotion
74
Statocyst
an organ found in some animals that helps them maintain equilibrium
75
Colloblasts
adhesive cells on the tentacles of ctenophores and are used to capture pray
76
Cydippid Larva
planktonic larvae of a ctenophore
77
Midsaggital Plane
plane through the midline of the central axis of an animal
78
Flatworms (phylum platyhelminthes)
flattened bodies and exhibit bilateral symmetry
79
Cephalization
evolutionary process whereby sense organs become concentrated in a head of an animal
80
Turbellarians
non parasitic flat forms
81
Meiofauna
tiny invertebrates that live in spaces between sediment particles
82
Flukes
parasitic flatworms with complex life cycles
83
Tapeworms
parasitic flatworms that live in the intestines of animals
84
Chemoreceptors
sense organs that can detect chemicals in the environment; used to detect prey
85
Pharynx
muscular tube that forms part of an animals digestive system; used to invest prey
86
Ribbon Worms (Phylum Nemertea)
animals with ribbon like bodies
87
Proboscis
tube like structure used by ribbon works to capture prey
88
Lophophorates
sessile animals belonging to several phyla (phloronida, ectoprocta, brachiopoda) that share commons feature of a feeding device
89
Lophophore
an arrangement of cilliated tentacles that function in feeding and gas exchange
90
Phoronids
worm like animals belonging to phylum phoronida; feed on plankton and have planktonic larval structure
91
Bryozoans
small animals belonging to the phylum ectoproctra; colonial individuals are known as ZOOIDS
92
Brachiopod
animal belonging to phylum brachiopoda; resembles a bivalve mollusc
93
Molluscs
animals that belong to the phylum mollusca; one of the largest and successful phylum’s and animals (chitons, snails, clams, octopods, squid)
94
Head Foot
part of the molluscan body that contains the animals head and a muscular foot
95
Visceral Mass
part of the molluscan body that contains all of the organs; with the exception of the animals head and foot
96
Mantle
tissue found in mollsucs that’s responsible for forming the shell in animals that have one and that in cephalopods functions in locomotion
97
Mantle Cavity
space between the mantle and the molluscs body
98
Radula
ribbon of tissue that contains teeth; present in all molluscs except bivalves
99
Periostracum
outermost layer of a molluscan shell
100
Conchiolin
protein that makes up the periostracum
101
Prismatic Layer
middle layer of the shell made of protein and CaCo3
102
Chitons
members of the molluscan class polyplacophora and they have flattened bodies that are most often covered by either shell plates
herbivores and feeds with radula
103
Scaphopods
members of the molluscan class scaphopoda commonly called tusk shells
buried in sediment and feeds with tentacles
104
Gastropods
members of molluscan class Gastropoda
most shelled; single piece called UNIVALVE
1. coiled
2. uncoiled
105
Whorl
turn of a gastropod shell around a central axis
106
Aperture
opening to a gastropod cell
107
Operculum
structure that some gastropods have for closing their aperture
108
Bulb Gland
gland located near the mouth of a cone snails produce ?
109
Nudibranch
Shell-less molluscs
110
Cretea
