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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Precipitation Nuclei

A

airborne particulates that attracts water droplets: e.g. sea salts

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2
Q

Nekton

A

organisms that are active swimmers and can move against currents

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3
Q

Neuston

A

small plankton that flow or near the surface of the ocean

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4
Q

Pelagic Division

A

The water portion of the ocean

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5
Q

water column

A

Water in the ocean

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6
Q

Benthic division

A

Ocean bottom

  1. Distance from land.
  2. Light availability.
  3. Depth.
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7
Q

Neretic Province

A

water over continental shelf

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8
Q

Ocean Province

A

water covers deep ocean basins

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9
Q

Photic Zone

A

region of water column where sunlight can support photosynthesis

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10
Q

Disphotic (twilight) zone

A

region where there’s not enough light for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

region, where sunlight is absent

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12
Q

Plankton

A

organisms that drift in Ocean currents

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13
Q

Intertidal Zone (benthic division)

A

region of ocean bottom covered with water only during high tide

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14
Q

Shelf Zone (benthic division)

A

region of ocean bottom that extends from the line of lowest tide to the edge of the continental shelf

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15
Q

Bathyl Zone (benthic divison)

A

Region of ocean bottom that extends from the edge of the continental shelf to adapt to 4000 m

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16
Q

Abyssal Zone (benthic division)

A

4000-6000 m

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17
Q

Hadal Zone (benthic division?

A

> 6000 m

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18
Q

Epifauna (benthic division)

A

benthic organisms that live on bottom sediments

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19
Q

Infauna (benthic division)

A

benthic organisms that live in bottom sediments

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20
Q

Marine Microbes

A

organisms too small to examine with the naked eye; including viruses, or one celled organisms in fungi

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21
Q

3 Domains

A
  1. Eubacteria
  2. Archea
  3. Eukarya
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22
Q

Virology

A

study of viruses

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23
Q

Marine Viruses Abundance

A
  1. Diversity
  2. Significance in marine food webs
  3. Population biology
  4. Disease
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24
Q

Marine Viruses

A

bits of DNA and RNA surrounded by proteins; no metabolism, rely on host cells for energy, material, and organelles to duplicate- viral replication

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25
Virologist Hypotheses
1. highly of reduced prokaryotic cells 2. Renegade genes
26
Pathogens
A microbe that causes disease or mortality
27
Bacteriophage
A virus, that infects a bacterium; “ phage - eater of bacteria “
28
Virion
infective, viral particle, released by host cell Composed of nucleic acid core(DNA or RNA), surrounded by an outer protein coat(capsid)
29
Nucleocapsid
combined capsid in the core of nucleic acids of a virion
30
Envelope
membrane derived from the hosts nuclear or cell membrane(coat)
31
Icosahedral
Capsid with 20 triangular faces
32
Helical
caps and spirals around the core
33
Binal
Icosahedral heads and helical tails
34
Lytic Cycle
A virus has no dormant phase in the host for initiating viral replication
35
Lysogenic Cycle
A virus remain dormant in the host cell, or while before initiating replication
36
Viral Abundance
10^10 (10B) virions per Liter in surface water 10^13 (10T) virions per Kg in sediment
37
Population Control (marine systems)
Control, plankton blooms, alter biogeochemical, cycles, ultra food, webs, cause sedimentation of particles
38
Seston
particles, living or dead, that are suspended in seawater
39
Marine bacteria belong to eubacteria are..
primary producers, decomposers, agents in biogeochemical cycles, food for marine inhabitants, modifiers of marine sediments, symbionts, pathogens
40
Bacteria
Simple prokaryotic cells -lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles -Single chromosome of DNA reproduce asexually
41
Binary Fission
One cell splits into two after the original cell has duplicated genetic material
42
Bacillus
Rod shaped bacteria
43
Coccus
spherical bacteria
44
Spirillus
corkscrew shaped bacteria; rarest
45
Actinobacteria
fungi like bacteria, found in marine Sediments
46
Chemoautotrophs
energy from chemicals
47
Osmotrophy
Type of heterotrophy were absorption of small organic molecules from the external medium across the cell membrane
48
Exoenzymes
enzyme released by Osmo trophic microbes for external digestion; e.g. decomposers
49
Cyanobacteria(blue/green bacteria/algae)
Photo synthetic prokaryotes that have chlorophyll ANB and release oxygen as a byproduct of their photosynthesis stores excess energy as cyanophycean starch
50
Chlorophyll A
The most common photo synthetic pigment of autotroph; absorbs, primarily violet and red light
51
Chlorophyll B
A primary photosynthetic pigment found in new microbes, green algae, and all plants; absorbs primarily blue and red light
52
Carotenoids
A class of accessory pigments absorb blue light and protect chlorophyll’s from damage
53
Beta-carotene
A yellow or orange carotenoid pigment
54
Xanthophylls
a carotenoid pigments that confer a yellow or brown hue in some organisms
55
Phycobilins l
A class of accessory pigments that capture wave lengths, less used by chlorophylls and transfer energy to them
56
Phycoerythrin
A red phycobilin that absorbs green light
57
Phycocyanin
a blue phycobilin that absorbs orange light
58
Cyanobacteria
single cells, colonies, or mats
59
Mucilage
gelatinous secretion of algal cells for attachment of cells and their protection
60
Stromatolite
A coral, like community of microbes, that for Mason layer of living cells, and filaments over and accumulated mass of dead stony material
61
Obligate Anaerobes
thrives only an absence of oxygen; e.g. sulfur bacteria
62
Facultative Anaerobe
thrives in presence, or absence of oxygen; photosynthesize and presence of light; e.g. non sulfur bacteria
63
Bacteriophylls
A class of primary photosynthetic pigments that do not release 02
64
Chemosynthetic Bacteria
can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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