Section B

Question 1

What time do most mares foal ?

Answer 1

Between 11- pm and 4 am

Question 2

What is the physical makeup and visible traits of an animal?

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

What is the term for a group of brain disorders found in foals which usually appear within the first day of a foals life?

Answer 3

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome

Question 4

The labia and clitoris make up what part of the mares reproductive system

Answer 4

Vulva

Question 5

What would be the term used when a mare opens and closes the labia quickly with elevation of the clitoris during estrus?

Answer 5

Winking

Question 6

Endometritis is inflammation of which part of the mares reproductive system

Answer 6

Endometrium or lining of the uterus

Question 7

What hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of a developing ovarian follicle into a Graffian follicle?

Answer 7

FSH

Question 8

What is the term for the union of the stallions spermatozoa with the mares ovum?

Answer 8

Fertilization

Question 9

When does waxing of the mares teats occur?

Answer 9

Usually 48 hours before paturition

Question 10

Describe the position of the foal when it is in the dorsso pelvic position in the first stage of labor

Answer 10

The foa is upside down

Question 11

There are how many stages of Parturition?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What is the term for the birthing process?

Answer 12

Parturition

Question 13

During parturition describe the foals positions during each of the following events: when the strongest contractions occur, and when most of the straining stops

Answer 13

Strongest contractions occur when the head and shoulders are forced through the pelvic cavity

straining stops when hips clear the vagina

Question 14

Which contagious disease is caused by bacteria isolated in the sinuses of the clitoral gland?

Answer 14

Contagious equine metritis

Question 15

What is the term for the release of an egg cell?

Answer 15

Ovulation

Question 16

Describe the term seasonally polyestrous

Answer 16

Animal having several estrous cycle’s during a breeding season

Question 17

Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes which hormone to be secreted by the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

FSH

Question 18

Which hormone prepares the mares reproductive tract for mating and fertilization?

Answer 18

Estrogen

Question 19

The fetuses urachus extends the fetal bladder to which part of the placenta?

Answer 19

Allantoic cavity

Question 20

What muscles act to pull the stallions penis into the prepuce?

Answer 20

Retractor muscles

Question 21

What is the term for the cheesy smegma and dead cells that fill the urethral sinus of the male?

Answer 21

Bean

Question 22

What general type of muscles are used to move the ova through the uterus to the end of the uterine horn?

Answer 22

Smooth muscles

Question 23

The ovarian artery arises directly from the aorta and divides into what two branches?

Answer 23

Ovarian and uterine branches

Question 24

Define the term, postpartum.

Answer 24

Occurring after giving birth

Question 25

What is the term for delivery of a dead foal 300 or more days after conception?

Answer 25

Stillbirth

Question 26

What is the correct term for a characteristic that appears only when both members of a pair genes are the same and is the opposite of dominant?

Answer 26

Recessive

Question 27

What is the automatic suckling when a finger or nipple is placed in a newborn foal's mouth?

Answer 27

Suckle reflex (suck reflex)

Question 28

What is the period of rapid follicle growth in the estrous cycle just prior to "heat" or estrus?

Answer 28

Proestrus

Question 29

What is the large, brown, irregularity shaped, rubbery mass found in the allantoic fluid and is passed with the foal at birth?

Answer 29

Hippomane

Question 30

What term describes the ability to pass outstanding characteristics to offspring?

Answer 30

Prepotency

Question 31

What is a sudden variation that is later passed on through inheritance and results from changes in a gene or genes?

Answer 31

Mutation

Question 32

What is a scientific name for a mature sex cell?

Answer 32

Gamete

Question 33

Describe what is meant by the phrase, "the mare threw a colt".

Answer 33

Mare gave birth to a male foal

Question 34

A gene characteristic that produces only one kind of gamete is called?

Answer 34

Homozygous dominant

Question 35

What is a commercial substance used in a place of a mare's milk to raise a foal?

Answer 35

Milk replacer

Question 36

What term is given to a mare that cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in absence of conception?

Answer 36

Polyestrus

Question 37

Name the 3 different glands located along the urethra of the male horse that produce fluids to nourish and preserve the sperm.

Answer 37

Prostate gland, coppers gland (bulbourethral gland) and seminal vesicles

Question 38

What is another name for an Entire?

Answer 38

Stallion

Question 39

What term describes the fertilization of the egg and the very beginning stage of growth of the embryo inside the mare called?

Answer 39

Conception

Question 40

What is the dominant gene that determines whether a horse will be a trotter or pacer?

Answer 40

Trotting gene

Question 41

What is an inflammation of a joint due to the presence of bacteria or related infective agents and is usually found in newborn foals?

Answer 41

Joint ill (naval ill)

Question 42

What is a period of sexual inactivity in the mare where there is absence of observable heat due to season, pregnancy, or other physical and psychological causes?

Answer 42

Anestrus

Question 43

What type of selection is based on a combination of the merits of the individual and the average merits of his ancestry?

Answer 43

Pedigree breeding

Question 44

What is neonate?

Answer 44

Newborn foal

Question 45

What is the genetic defect that causes premature death in the fetus or newborn foal with a genotype of WW and is associated with Paints and Pintos?

Answer 45

Lethal white

Question 46

What is the leg restraint used on mares being bred to keep them from kicking and injuring the stallion?

Answer 46

Breeding hobbles

Question 47

What is a relatively common condition in which urine drips from the stump of the naval and the flow increases when the foal strains to urinate?

Answer 47

Patent Urachus

Question 48

What does the term hemospermia mean?

Answer 48

The presence of blood in the sperm

Question 49

What is the single most common cause of female infertility where there is air present in the vagina that often leads to infections?

Answer 49

Pneumovagina (wind sucking)

Question 50

What is the produce of a dam?

Answer 50

Offspring of a female horse

Question 51

What is the term for delivery in which the fetus' rump or hind feet are presented first in the birth canal?

Answer 51

Breech birth

Question 52

What is the colorless liquid surrounding the fetus that contains acids, salts, cells and mucus?

Answer 52

Amniotic fluid

Question 53

What the hymen?

Answer 53

Fold of mucous membrane that partially or completely covers the opening of the vagina

Question 54

What follicle stimulating hormone may be detected in a blood test after 45 days of pregnancy and is derived from pregnant mare's blood serum or urine?

Answer 54

PMSG (pregnant mares serum gonadotropin)

Question 55

What is the term for a foal that is being raised without his dam?

Answer 55

Orphan foal

Question 56

What is agalactia?

Answer 56

Inability of the mare to produce milk

Question 57

What is an inherited genetic condition that rarely causes the death of a horse after birth, but can have such an effect on the horse that it can restrict either its potential use or reduce the length of its life?

Answer 57

Partial lethal

Question 58

What is copulation?

Answer 58

Sexual intercourse

Question 59

What is a putty like mass of s e.g. a that collects in the urethral diverticulum of the penis?

Answer 59

Bean

Question 60

What is the term for when part of the entire placenta has not passed after parturition?

Answer 60

Retained placenta

Question 61

What is a bacterial infection of a mammary gland; causes swelling, pain and infected milk?

Answer 61

Mastitis

Question 62

What test is used to help determine the parents of any particular horse by examining the red blood cells?

Answer 62

Blood typing

Question 63

What is breeding 2 related individuals usually at least 2 or 3 generations removed to intensify the inheritance from a particular ancestor?

Answer 63

Line breeding

Question 64

What is an inflammation of the vagina marked by pain and a purulent discharge?

Answer 64

Vaginitis

Question 65

What is the grand dam of a horse?

Answer 65

The grandmother of a horse

Question 66

What term describes the result of crossing two different species such as a mule or hinny?

Answer 66

Hybrid

Question 67

What is the term for neutering a male horse?

Answer 67

Castration

Question 68

What is the lining of the uterus called?

Answer 68

Endometrium

Question 69

What is the short period of the estrous cycle between metestrus and proestrus that lasts about 14-15 days?

Answer 69

Diestrus

Question 70

The progeny of a stallion is known as what?

Answer 70

Get

Question 71

What is the later stage of individual development within the uterus which follows the embryo stage?

Answer 71

Fetus

Question 72

What is the breeding of closely related animals usually done to bring out specific desirable traits?

Answer 72

Inbreeding

Question 73

What are the 2 stages of development of an individual within the uterus?

Answer 73

Embryo and fetus

Question 74

What is the term for a mares inability to produce milk such as when a mare grazes on fescue pasture during pregnancy ?

Answer 74

Agalactia