Section C

Question 1

What is the lack circular aperture in the center of the iris?

Answer 1

Pupil

Question 2

What is a system of muscles, tendons,and ligaments,in the horses body and legs that allows the horse to sleep while standing up?

Answer 2

Stay apparatus

Question 3

What is the bulge on the head of an Arabian called?

Answer 3

Jibbah

Question 4

What is the pigmented membrane of the eye situated weekend the cornea and the lens?

Answer 4

Iris

Question 5

What muscular membranous chamber is common to both the digestive and respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Pharynx

Question 6

During swallowing the myohyoid and hyoglossus muscles raise what part of the mouth against the hard palate?

Answer 6

Tongue

Question 7

During ingestion what change in the pharynx forces feed into the esophagus?

Answer 7

Increase in pressure

Question 8

What are the two blood vessels of the liver?

Answer 8

Portal vein and hepatic artery

Question 9

Which one of the hepatic blood vessels, hepatic artery or portal vein, supplies the oxygen to the liver cell?

Answer 9

Hepatic artery

Question 10

Insulin and glucagon are the hormone secreted by what gland?

Answer 10

Pancreas

Question 11

What part of the horse is located at the middle of the shoulder joint?

Answer 11

Point of shoulder

Question 12

The modern horse walks on his third digit, which is comparable to what part of the human body?

Answer 12

The middle finger

Question 13

What six main parts of the horses for like make up the area of the horse known as the manus?

Answer 13

Carpus/knee, metacarpus/cannon, fetlock/ankle, pastern, coronet, hoof

Question 14

What six main parts of the horses hind leg make up the area of the horse known as the pes?

Answer 14

Tarsis/hock, metatarsus/cannon, fetlock/ankle, pastern, coronet, hood

Question 15

What are the two scientific terms indicating locations of body parts toward the back or the belly?

Answer 15

Dorsal indicates back and ventral indicates belly

Question 16

What directional term describes relative locations of parts of the horse which are located near the back?

Answer 16

Dorsal

Question 17

What directional term describes relative locations of parts of the horse which are located near the belly?

Answer 17

Ventral

Question 18

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horse that are located closer to the horses cranium?

Answer 18

Cranial

Question 19

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horse that are located closer to the horses tail?

Answer 19

Caudal

Question 20

What is the scientific term for the horses skull case?

Answer 20

Cranium

Question 21

What is the scientific term for the horses tail?

Answer 21

Cauda equina

Question 22

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horses head which are closer to the nose?

Answer 22

Rostral

Question 23

What is the scientific term for the horses nose?

Answer 23

Rostrum

Question 24

What directional term describes the relative location of parts a horses leg which indicates a location towards the attached end of the limb?

Answer 24

Proximal

Question 25

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horses leg which indicates a location towards the free end of the limb?

Answer 25

Distal

Question 26

The axis represents the center of a horses limb. What directional term describes the structure which is located away from the axis?

Answer 26

Abaxial

Question 27

The axis represents the center of a horses limb. What directional term describes the structure which is located towards the axis?

Answer 27

Axial

Question 28

What directional term describes an imaginary line which divides the body into right and left halves?

Answer 28

Median plane

Question 29

What directional term describes structures closer to the median plane?

Answer 29

Medial

Question 30

What directional term describes structures which light away from the median plane?

Answer 30

Lateral

Question 31

What directional term describes a plane which passes through the head, trunk for lamb perpendicular to the parts long axis?

Answer 31

Transverse plane

Question 32

Directional term describes a plane which passes through a body part parallel to it's dorsal surface?

Answer 32

Dorsal plane

Question 33

What term describes the hairs that protrude from the skin around the horses eyelids, nostrils, and lips?

Answer 33

Tactile or feeling hairs

Question 34

What is the term for the sheath covering the penis?

Answer 34

Prepuce

Question 35

Name the structures which are located proximal to the carpus on the front likes, and distal to the hock on the hind leg, and are used to help identify horses.

Answer 35

Chestnuts or night eyes

Question 36

What structures can be found by parting the hairs on the Palmer on the forelimb or plantar on the hind limb surface of the fetlock?

Answer 36

Ergot

Question 37

What structures are believed to be vestiges of the carpal and tarsal pads of carnivores?

Answer 37

Chestnut or night eyes

Question 38

Ergots are considered to be vestiges of what structures?

Answer 38

Metacarpal and metatarsal pads

Question 39

What substance creates color in horses hoof?

Answer 39

Pigment

Question 40

What is the body's largest organ?

Answer 40

Skin

Question 41

What part of the mares anatomy consists of mammary glands and highly developed and modified apocrine tubular gland's?

Answer 41

Udder

Question 42

What five parts of the top line lie between the poll and the tail head?

Answer 42

Crest, withers, back, loin, croup

Question 43

On the horses skull, sutures are fibrous joints that ossify with what?

Answer 43

Age

Question 44

The upper incisor teeth are located in what bone?

Answer 44

Incisive bones

Question 45

What structure divides the nasal cavity into halves?

Answer 45

Nasal septum

Question 46

Name the structure that supports the guttural pouches, pharynx, larynx, and the root of the tongue

Answer 46

Hyoid apparatus

Question 47

The lacrimal gland secretes what substance?

Answer 47

Tears

Question 48

A blocked nasal lacrimal duct causes overflow of what substance?

Answer 48

Tears

Question 49

List four locations where saliva enters the oral cavity

Answer 49

Parotid duct, buccal glands, mandibular duct, sublingual gland

Question 50

In a mare what teeth are absent or rudimentary?

Answer 50

Canine teeth

Question 51

What is a wolf tooth?

Answer 51

A small inconstant first upper pre-molar

Question 52

What is usually done when a horse has a wolf tooth?

Answer 52

It is removed

Question 53

What term describes deciduous teeth that remain attached to erupted permanent teeth?

Answer 53

Caps

Question 54

Of the central enamel, layer of cement covers the crown and fills in what part of the tooth?

Answer 54

Infundibulum

Question 55

In the early infundibulum there's a dark cavity called what?

Answer 55

Cup

Question 56

Sharp edges that develop on the buccal side of the upper cheek teeth and the lingual side of the lowers is called what?

Answer 56

Points

Question 57

Sharp points on molars can cut the cheek or tongue and have to be cut off which is called what?

Answer 57

Floated or filed down

Question 58

The lateral profile angle of incisors becomes more acute as the horse does what?

Answer 58

Ages

Question 59

Yellowish bone marrow primarily consists of what cells?

Answer 59

Fat cells

Question 60

In the horse, this is the largest gland.

Answer 60

Liver

Question 61

Name the structure that may be visible on the left side of the neck during swallowing

Answer 61

Esophagus

Question 62

With the exception of the atlas and axis joints or the vertebrae joined together?

Answer 62

By discs of cartilage

Question 63

What is the common cause of wobbler syndrome and most prevalent in which two breeds?

Answer 63

Malformation of the cervical vertebrae mostly males and prevalent in thoroughbreds and quarter horses

Question 64

What is another name for the proximal middle and distal phalanges

Answer 64

First second and third phalanx

Question 65

What is the term for the wings on the atlas and sacrum?

Answer 65

Transverse processes

Question 66

The atlantooccipital joint is more commonly known by what term?

Answer 66

Atlas joint

Question 67

The horse has 18 pairs of ribs. How many pairs articulate with the sternum?

Answer 67

8

Question 68

What does the term floating ribs refer to?

Answer 68

The false ribs of the horse that are not connected to the sternum and lack costal cartilage

Question 69

What do true ribs articulate with?

Answer 69

Sternum

Question 70

What is another name for false ribs?

Answer 70

Asternal ribs

Question 71

Name the four shapes the bones are classified as

Answer 71

Long, short, flat, or irregular

Question 72

What is the production source of most blood cells?

Answer 72

Red marrow

Question 73

What is the vessel Rich, bone producing membrane that covers the bone?

Answer 73

Periosteum

Question 74

What articulates with both the middle and distal phalanges?

Answer 74

Navicular bone

Question 75

Which two bones serve as pulleys that change the direction of the deep digital flexor tendon?

Answer 75

Proximal and distal sesamoid bones

Question 76

Which leg bones are deeply imbedded in and supported by ligaments but are still prone to fractures?

Answer 76

Proximal sesamoid bones

Question 77

What is the name of the hyaline cartilage that grows and ossifies, increasing a bones length?

Answer 77

Growth plate

Question 78

Give an example of a spheroidal joint

Answer 78

Hip joint

Question 79

Give an example of a ginglymus joint

Answer 79

Elbow joint

Question 80

What is another name for the metacarpal phalangeal joint

Answer 80

Fetlock joint

Question 81

What is another name for the distal interphalangeal joint

Answer 81

Coffin joint

Question 82

What is another name for the proximal interphalangeus joint

Answer 82

Pastern joint

Question 83

What is the function of the superficial digital flexor tendon?

Answer 83

To resist downward motion

Question 84

Stabilization of the joints of the fore limb by ligaments and tendons by the stay apparatus allows the horse to do what

Answer 84

Sleep while standing

Question 85

The suspensory ligament, the proximal sesamoid bones, and the three distal prevent overextension of what joint?

Answer 85

Fetlock joint

Question 86

With what does the dermal laminae interlock?

Answer 86

Epidermal laminae

Question 87

The navicular bursa acts as a cushion between what two structures?

Answer 87

Navicular bone and the deep digital flexor tendon

Question 88

Name the five bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 88

Ilium, pubis, ischium, sacrum, caudal vertebrae

Question 89

Name the four bones of the thigh and leg

Answer 89

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

Question 90

What joint is made up of the femoropatellar joint and the femorobiial joint?

Answer 90

Stifle joint

Question 91

Describe the difference in functions of insulin and glucagon in horses body

Answer 91

Insulin decreases blood sugar and glucagon mobilizes the blood sugar

Question 92

What causes the horses gut sounds?

Answer 92

Propulsion of gas and fluid through the large intestine

Question 93

A trocar can be used to allow gas to escape from witch distended part of the large intestine?

Answer 93

Cecum

Question 94

What is the purpose of the subcutis layer of the horses skin?

Answer 94

Attaches the skin to the underlying structures

Question 95

What term refers to the halie cellular tissue with flat, horny surface cells, and contains the hair follicle?

Answer 95

Epidermis

Question 96

Which layer of skin contains the hair follicle?

Answer 96

Epidermis

Question 97

Which layer of the skin is constructed of loose, connective tissue containing deposits of fat and attaches the skin to underlying structures?

Answer 97

Subcutis

Question 98

What two types of skin glands empty into the hair follicles?

Answer 98

Sebaceous oil glands and apocrine tubular sweat glands

Question 99

What substance is secreted by the sebaceous glands?

Answer 99

Sebum Oil not acceptable

Question 100

What substance is secreted by the apocrine tubular glands?

Answer 100

Sweat

Question 101

What are two ways to increase hoof moisture content?

Answer 101

exercise; coronary band massage