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psgy1007 - social > self-awareness - me, myself and I > Flashcards

self-awareness - me, myself and I Flashcards

self-awareness, self-knowledge, self-concept development (55 cards)

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1
Q

what did Tajfel and Turner (1979) say were the two types of identity?

A

social and personal (distinction between individual and collective)

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2
Q

who suggested three types of self, and when?

A

Brewer and Gardner

1996

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3
Q

what were the three types of self suggested by Brewer and Gardner (1996)?

A

individual

relational

collective

affected by context

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4
Q

what is the individual self (Brewer and Gardner, 1996)?

A

personal traits that distinguish you from others

e.g. friendly

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5
Q

what is the relational self (Brewer and Gardner, 1996)?

A

dyadic relationships that assimilate you to others

e.g. mum

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6
Q

what is the collective self (Brewer and Gardner, 1996)?

A

group membership

e.g. academic

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7
Q

what is self-awareness?

A

psychological state

traits, feelings and behaviour

some people more aware than others

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8
Q

what is reflexive thought?

A

fundamental part of humans beings

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9
Q

what is the test of realisation of indiviudal?

A

mirror test (Gallup, 1970)

test if know the image in the mirror is themselves

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10
Q

when does self-awareness develop?

A

somewhere between 1.5-2 years

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11
Q

what are the two types of self suggested by Carver and Scheier in 1981?

A

private

public

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12
Q

what is your private self?

A

thoughts, feeling, attitudes

internalised standards

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13
Q

what is your public self?

A

social image

can be seen and evaluation by others

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14
Q

what is the effect of the public self?

A

evaluation apprehension

enjoy success, admiration

adhere to social standards to behaviour

tends to make you self-conscious (anxious, tongue-tied, make more errors)

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15
Q

what is chronic self-awareness?

A

very stressful - constantly aware of shortcomings

avoidance behaviour - drinking, drugs

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16
Q

what is reduced self-awareness?

A

deindividuation (in crowds)

no monitoring of own behaviour (reckless, impulsive)

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17
Q

who said “mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moments, and nonjudgementally” and when?

A

Kabat-Zinn

1991

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18
Q

what is mindfulness?

A

incorporates self-awareness

additionally includes acceptance and not being reactive

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19
Q

what are the effects of heightened private self-awareness?

A

more intense emotion

accurate self-perception - better able to judge and adjust personal state

adhere to personal beliefs

quicker to react to things

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20
Q

what are the positives of heightened private self-awareness?

A

less stress related illnesss

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21
Q

what are the negative of heightened private self-awareness?

A

depression

neuroticism

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22
Q

what are the effects of heightened public self-awareness?

A

focus on perception by others

nervousness

loss of self-esteem

adhere to group norms, avoid embarrassment

concern with physical appearance, both self and others

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23
Q

what is self-knowledge?

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A

how you store information about yours

same cognition process for ourselves as others

24
Q

what are self-schemas?

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A

stereotypes of ourselves

act, think, behave, feel

highly structured cognitive network that we hold that we use to make sense of the world - predict what will happen

in different contexts, different nodes will be activated

25
what are self-schematic schemas?
important part of self-concept
26
what are aschematic schemas?
not that important to me not important part of schema
27
what are the two "how it should be" theories of how self-schemas develop?
control theory of regulation self-discrepancy theory
28
who created the control theory of self-regulation and when?
Carver and Scheier 1981
29
what is the control theory of self-regulation?
requires self-awareness - assess whether goals met goal to measure ourselves monitoring if current self meets standards self-regulate if don't meet standards test - operate to change - test - exist private/public standard
30
who created the self-discrepancy theory and when?
Higgins 1987
31
what is the self-discrepancy theory?
three types of self-schema (actual, ideal, ought) differences between actual and ideal/ought drives change change activated by emotions you feel
32
what is an actual self-schema (Higgins, 1987)?
present
33
what is an ideal self-schema (Higgins, 1987)?
like to be
34
what is an ought self-schema (Higgins, 1987)?
should be
35
what response does an actual-ideal imbalance create?
dejection e.g. disappointment
36
what response does an actual-ought imbalance create?
agitation e.g. anxiety
37
what are the two "other individuals" theories of how self-schemas develop?
social comparison theory self-evaluation maintenance
38
who created the social comparison theory and when?
Festinger 1954
39
what is the social comparison theory?
objective benchmark in similar people seek out similar people to validate perceptions and actions generally seek out downward comparison because gives positive but also upwards in some situations
40
who created the self-evaluation maintenance theory and when?
Tesser 1988
41
what is the self-evaluation maintenance theory?
how we deal with upward comparison situations exaggerate target's ability change target distance self from target devalue comparison dimension
42
what are the two "other groups" theories of how self-schemas develop?
social identity theory self-categorisation theory
43
who created the social identity theory and when?
Tajfel and Turner 1979
44
what is the social identity theory?
personal identity = unique personal attributes, relationships and traits social identity = define self by group membership, associated with inter-group behaviour/group norms
45
who created the self-categorisation theory and when?
Turner et al 1987
46
what is the self-categorisation theory?
extension of social identity theory self-categorisation to groups - internalise group attributes - collective self - social identity meta-contrast principle BIRGing if group categorisation too salient, perception of self and others becomes depersonalised
47
what is the meta-contrast principle?
exaggerate differences and similarities ideal positive traits of groups accentuate differences between ingroup and outgroup
48
what is BIRGing?
"basking in reflected glory" want to be associated with people who are doing well
49
what are self-motives for?
self-assessment self-verification self-enhancement
50
what is self-assessment?
desire for accurate and valid information desire to find out accurate information about ourselves seek out the truth about self
51
what is self-verification?
desire to confirm what we already think is true desire to confirm what they know seek out consistency about self
52
what is self-enhancement?
desire to maintain good image seek favourable information about self self-affirmation theory - affirm positive aspects (boasting) self-serving attribution bias
53
what are individualistic cultures like?
independent self autonomous individual, separate from context focus on internal traits, feelings, thoughts and abilities unitary and stable across situations acting true to internal beliefs and feelings, promoting own goals and differences from others
54
what are collectivists cultures like?
interdependent self connected with others and embedded in social context represented in terms of roles and relationships fluid and variable self, changing across situations belonging, fitting in and acting appropriately, promoting group goals and harmony
55
what do insults tell us?
insight into how people see themselves differences between individualistic and collectivist

psgy1007 - social (10 decks)

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