Session 1 - Fractures of the Humerus Flashcards Preview

Semester 2 - MSK > Session 1 - Fractures of the Humerus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 1 - Fractures of the Humerus Deck (22)
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1
Q

Name fourtypes of humeral fracture

A

Surgical, Midshaft, Supracondylar, Medial Epicondylar

2
Q

What is damaged in a surgical fracture of the humerus?

A

Posterior circumflex artery and axillary artery

Axillary nerve

3
Q

What does damage to the axillary nerve cause in a surgical fracture?

A

Loss of motor function of teres minor and deltoids

Loss of sensation to regimental badge area

4
Q

What does a midshaft fracture cause damage?

A

Radial nerve damage, causing wrist drop due to extensor paralysis and unopposed flexion

5
Q

What type of fracture is a midshaft fracture of the humerus?

A

Spiral

6
Q

What damage does a supracondylar fracture do?

A

Damages brachial artery, leading to loss of blood supply to flexors resulting in volkmans ischaemic contractures. Flexors shortan and cause uncontrolled flexion.

7
Q

What does a medial epicondylar fracture of the humerus cause?

A

Damages ulnar nerve and ulnar claw becomes apparent

8
Q

What are the four rotator cuff muscles?

A
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
9
Q

Action and innvervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

Abduction up to 15*

10
Q

Action and innervation of infraspinatus

A

Supracscapular nerve

Lateral rotation of the arm

11
Q

Action and innervation of subscpularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve

Prevents displacement of the head of the humerus

12
Q

What is the action of the rotator cuff mmuscles together?

A

Stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint

13
Q

What is painful arc syndrome?

A

Normally: Supraspinatus rubs against the coraco-acromial arch, friction of which is usually reduced by subacromial bursa.
HOWEVER
Pain in the middle of abduction when the supraspinatus tendon comes into contact with the acromion due to degenerative changes in both the supraspinatus tendin and the subacromial bursa

14
Q

What are the three muscles of the arm?

A

BBC
Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

15
Q

What is the attachment of the bicep?

A

Long head at the supraglenid tubercle, short head at the coracoid process
Attaches distally to the radial tuberosity

16
Q

What is the aciton of the bicep?

A

Responsible for supination of forearm and flexion at the elbow and shoulders

17
Q

What is popeye sign?

A

Bulging bicep after rupture of the long tendon of the biceps. Very littleweakness on flexion due to actions of the supinator and brachialis.

18
Q

What is the origin of the corachobrachialis?

A

Coracoidprocess of scapula

19
Q

What is actions of the corachobrachialis?

A

Flexion at shoulder

20
Q

What is the innervation of the three arm muscles?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

21
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

The brachialis muscle is the main flexor at the elbow

22
Q

What is the attachment of the brachalis?

A

It originates from the medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft, and inserts into the tuberosity of ulna just distal to the elbow joint.